206 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [Bull, 177 
E-25 : CHAFARIWAYUN 
Thirty-five minutes paddling below the Kassikaityu mouth, the 
Essequibo makes a 180 degree bend. On the north side of the bend, 
the bank rises to 16 meters above the January water level at a dis- 
tance of 75 meters from the shore (fig. 79). A dense growth of palm, 
cane, vines, and small trees covers the summit. The surface of the 
former field, 200 meters long by 100 meters deep, was very irregular 
and littered with dead, rotting trunks. Abundant charcoal on the 
surface and to a depth of 2.5 cm. was further evidence of former 
slash-and-burn clearing. The front edge of the field corresponded to 
the 14-meter contour, while the back and sides were on or above the 
16-meter contour. The sherds came from an area 8 meters in diameter 
east of the center, at a depth of 24 to 38 cm. The soil was medium 
gray, becoming browner from 45 to 75 cm. at all spots tested. 
E-28 : YOUKUMNALULUM 
On the right bank of the Essequibo River, 6 minutes’ paddling below 
K-27, is a narrow inlet at right angles to the shore (fig. 79). The 
bank rises steeply to 5 meters above the January water level and forms 
a triangular plateau 60 meters in maximum width, bounded on the 
two arms by the inlet and river and on the hypotenuse by the hillside, 
which gradually slopes upward for 3 more meters to an elevation of 
8 meters. Dense secondary growth covers the area above the 6-meter 
contour, and several old stumps 1 meter in diameter still remain 
from the former clearing. Cultural refuse, found only in one spot 
near the center of the summit, includes sherds, tiny glass beads, glass 
and bottle fragments, and manioc grater chips. The distribution sug- 
gests a habitation area about 9 meters in diameter. All objects were 
in or just below the root mat, at a depth of 1 to5 cm. The soil was 
light-gray sand. 
E-29: WANA WANA 
A small creek flows into the right bank of the Essequibo just below 
Wana Wana Falls, where the river is 70 meters wide and full of 
rocks (fig. 79). Below the creek, the land rises to a conical hill with 
a small summit 19 meters above the January water level and 20 by 
30 meters in diameter. Secondary growth of brush, tall joint grass, 
and spiny palms interspersed with small open patches occupied an 
area about 100 meters in diameter above the 12-meter contour. The 
soil was light orange-brown clay and concretion gravel. Sherds and 
grater chips were present on part of the summit nearest the creek 
over an area of about 8 by 10 meters. Two sherds were on the sur- 
face, the rest between 8 and 16 cm. in depth. This site was identified 
by our guide as one visited by a “Father,” for whom the Taruma 
built a church. 
