prnaant ARCHEOLOGY IN BRITISH GUIANA 207 
E-30: EREFOIMO 
This site, 20 minutes’ paddling below E-29 (fig. 79), was the last 
one visited on the Essequibo survey. The river channel contains 
many rocks and the banks rise steeply to 5 meters on each side. At 
E-30, the hillside slopes gradually, attaining a height of 16 meters 
at a distance of 80 meters from the shore. The summit is small and 
the slope is steeper at the back. Vegetation includes large cane 
planted by the Taruma, joint grass, spiny palm, and thick brush. 
Trees were typically under 30 cm. in diameter. The limits of the 
former clearing correspond approximately to the 10-meter contour 
line, giving dimensions of 200 meters long by 100 meters in from the 
bank. Sherds were found on the summit over an area about 15 
meters in diameter. 
Cut 1, 1 by 1 meters, was excavated in the eastern half of the refuse 
area. The soil was medium-gray sand, sterile for the first 8 cm. 
Sherds were sparse in level 8 to 16 cm., becoming more abundant 
in level 16 to 24 cm. There was no change until level 32 to 40 cm., 
where the soil suddenly became dark gray. At level 48 to 52 cm. 
sterile, compact, orange-brown clay appeared, which is the natural 
soil formation of the area. 
SLASH-AND-BuRN Fieip CLEARINGS 
Eleven of the places identified by the Wai Wai as having been used 
by the Taruma produced very little or no pottery in spite of extensive 
testing. It is highly probable that these are former slash-and-burn 
garden clearings, in some of which a small, temporary shelter was 
erected, and a pot or two was broken. This pattern is followed by 
the present occupants of the area, the Wai Wai, and is characteristic 
of Tropical Forest tribes in general. The fields producing sherds 
were given site numbers, but in most cases the sample is too small for 
use in the seriated sequence of the Taruma Phase. 
E-8 ; KULUPAL YEWKU 
Just upstream from E-7, above the Manakakashin Falls, the right 
bank of the Essequibo rises to an elevation of 7 meters (fig. 79). Sec- 
ondary growth that includes a few large trees covers the summit, 
and the surface of the ground is extremely uneven. ‘Tests over the 
general area of the former clearing, measuring 100 by 40 meters, re- 
vealed only two sherds, both in the same spot. 
B-14 : YEWARA-TO 
Upstream from E-13 and about 100 meters below the Wai Wai 
village of Yewar4 is a large area on the right bank of the Essequibo 
