224 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY (Bull. 177 
painted lines are 0.5-1.0 mm. in width, 0.5-2.0 mm. apart, care- 
fully and precisely drawn. On a single sherd, width and spacing 
of lines show little variation. On one sherd, the lower edge of 
the motif is bordered by two parallel, broad (5 mm.), red-painted 
bands. 
2. Zoned, parallel lines, arranged in a manner comparable to this 
motif in Kanashen Incised (see p. 216; pl. 41, a-e). Red- 
painted lines are 0.5-2.0 mm. wide and 0.5-3.0 mm. apart; with the 
finer lines correlated with the narrower spacing (fig. 92, d—f; pl. 45, 
b, e, g-h). 
38. Designs composed of broad lines, 3-12 mm. wide (fig. 93, a—f; pl. 45, 
f, +). Parallel bands and large squares occupy large areas with 
no additional painting evident. Most of the sherds are too small 
to show more than a few lines, giving little indication of the 
characteristics of the total design. 
TEMPORAL DIFFERENCES WITHIN THE TYPE: Although a number of sherds were too 
eroded for classification by design motif, the distribution of the remainder 
through time (Appendix, table 34) suggests that Motif 1 is later than the 
other two types of design, both of which are somewhat cruder and simpler. 
No trends are evident in vessel shape (Appendix, table 33). 
CHRONOLOGICAL POSITION OF THE TYPE: Manakakashin Red-on-White occurs 
throughout the Taruma Phase in a highly erratic frequency, but shows a slight 
tendency toward increasing in popularity in the latter half of the sequence 
(fig. 101). 
MAWIKA PLAIN 
PASTE: 
Method of manufacture: Probably coiling. 
Temper: Cariapé; fragments of siliceous cellular structure readily visible to 
the naked eye especially on eroded surfaces, although there is a gradation 
to small particles identifiable only under magnification. Quantity varies 
considerably, some sherds showing only one or two particles, others having 
large amounts. Fine sand is also present, but it could not be determined 
whether this was intentionally added as temper or the result of use of a 
naturally sandy clay. 
Texture: Sandy but not friable. Compact, with small to medium air pockets 
due to poorly kneaded clay. 
Color: Majority tile orange to red orange, but occasional sherds have brown- 
ish-gray to gray core. 
Firing: Oxidized, typically completely. 
SURFACE: 
Color: Tan to orange tan to tile orange. 
Treatment: Smoothed but not even. Majority badly eroded, so that details 
are obscured. 
Hardness; 3-3.5. 
ForM: 
Rim: Direct, with rounded or flattened lip. 
Body wall thickness: Cont \iners, 5-12 mm. ; griddles, 1.1-2.5 cm. 
Base: 
A. Flat, unthickened or slightly thickened, joining sidewalls at an angle 
of 30-40 degrees or 70 degrees. Diameter 8-10 cm. (fig. 94, A). 
B. Pedestal, rising vertically 1.0-1.2 cm. before joining outflaring side- 
wall. Interior surface slopes gradually from base to wall. Diam- 
eter 14cm. Exterior very uneven (fig. 94, B). 
