230 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [Bull. 177 
half of the sequence, while Form C occurs only in the latter part of the 
Phase. (Appendix, table 35.) Occasional decoration of unsmoothed coils and 
applique is absent in the upper third of the seriated sequence. 
CHRONOLOGICAL POSITION OF THE TYPE: Yoch6o Plain is the dominant pottery type 
in the early part of the Taruma Phase. Although it declines in popularity, it 
is present in all sites (fig. 101). 
PoTTeRY ARTIFACT TYPES 
Pot rests (fig. 97).—A considerable number of irregularly shaped 
lumps of pottery occur in most Taruma Phase sites. The larger frag- 
ments have one or more finished surfaces indicating that they are 
parts of solid pot rests in the shape of a truncated cone (fig. 97, c-/). 
The paste varies greatly. Some resemble Yochdo Plain, with abun- 
dant, coarse temper; a few are like Kalunye Plain, with fine, compact 
paste; others have an extremely sandy composition and crumble 
easily; some have a striated pinkish-orange and whitish structure 
with no temper particles evident. This variation suggests that pot 
rests were made from whatever materials were most available. If 
there was clay remaining from pottery manufacture, it was used; if 
not, a substitute was employed, probably clay from the nearest suit- 
able riverbank. 
Workmanship also varies greatly. Some examples are well made, 
with symmetrical form, smoothed surface, and occasional ornamenta- 
tion on the top by fingertip impressions (fig. 97, a, 6). Others are so 
sandy and so poorly kneaded that they have crumbled into irregularly 
shaped lumps. Although generally conical, the slope of the wall and 
the angle of junction with top or bottom vary considerably. Di- 
ameter of the upper end, which typically is slightly convex, is 6-14 
cm. Diameter of the lower end, which typically is flat, is 8-16 cm., 
with the majority 12-16 cm. The walls instead of being straight are 
slightly to markedly concave on most examples, flaring outward at 
both top and bottom. A few fragments appear to have come from 
vertical-sided or tubular pot rests 6-14 cm. in diameter. 
The majority of the end fragments are plain. However, two frag- 
ments, one from E-15 and one from E-16, are unusual in both shape 
and decoration. They appear to be from the upper end, which in- 
stead of having the typical slightly convex contour is flat or slopes 
upward at an angle of 40 degrees. One has a depression in the center 
4 cm. in diameter and 2.7 cm. deep, undercut at the edges so that the 
bottom is larger than the orifice (fig. 97, @). The 5 cm. wide, sloping 
edge of the top is decorated with short, curved grooves and dotlike 
depressions, both made with the fingertip. From a maximum di- 
ameter of 12 cm. at the end, the walls incurve strongly toward the 
body, which is broken off at a length of 6.5 cm. The diameter here 
is 8cm. The second example is similar in general form but larger, 
