264. BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [Bull, 177 
Since there are several detailed accounts of visits to Taruma villages 
in the 20th century, it is of extreme importance to try to identify the 
archeological sites to which these villages correspond. Success in 
establishing such a correlation would provide a rare opportunity to 
check the archeological sequence established by the seriation of strata 
cuts in terms of pottery type frequency, and to evaluate inferences 
from the archeological situation against contemporary descriptions. 
Schomburgk (1845, p. 35) claims to be the first European to visit 
the Taruma in the upper Essequibo. He saw five villages on the 
Kuyuwini and three on the Essequibo in 1837-38 (1841, pp. 167-169), 
but gives no details. The most complete description, amplified by 
photographs, of Taruma villages is that of W. C. Farabee who visited 
the region in 1914. Comparison of his published (1917) and 1914 
notebook (MS.) data brings to light a number of contradictions 
that make correlation of the villages with the archeological sites 
difficult. The task is further complicated by the generalized character 
of Farabee’s map (1917) and the fact that the place names were given 
to him in Wapisiana, whereas they were given to us in Wai Wai (fig. 
108). A few points of geographical similarity can be used for 
orientation, however. ‘The large stream entering the left bank of the 
Essequibo above the Kuyuwini, labeled “Duerwau” by Farabee, must, 
because of its size, be the Kassikaityu River. This identification is 
supported by the fact that there is a striking outcrop of granite just 
below the Kassikaityu mouth (at E-24), which is shown on Farabee’s 
map as “Howkiuki Rock.” The next landmark upstream is a falls 
(“Waboturia Cataract”), then a mountain on the right bank (“Kenai- 
mataua”), and above this another falls (“Unorwauwau Cataract”). 
The upper falls, associated with a creek of the same name flowing from 
the right bank of the Essequibo, is sufficiently similar in name to the 
present Onoro Falls and Creek to suggest that they are thesame. The 
only prominent hill, visible for some distance when traveling along 
the Essequibo River, now goes by the name of Manakakashin. It 
seems likely that this is the “Kanaimataua” mountain of Farabee’s 
map. If so, then the rapids opposite it must be Manakakashin 
Falls. For some reason, the other two rapids between this point and 
the mouth of the Kassikaityu are not shown on Farabee’s map. 
This correlation would seem to reduce sites potentially identifiable 
with Farabee’s villages to those on the right bank between Manakaka- 
shin and the mouth of the Kassikaityu River, namely, K-16, E-17, 
E-19, and E-20. The problem is complicated, however, by Farabee’s 
field notes (MS., Notebook A), which locate the first village as “on the 
Essequibo River, B.G. High ground on right bank (no rocks) an hour 
above the rapids & short distance below Duerwow River.” No village 
is shown below the Duerwow River on the published map (Farabee, 
