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Ee ARCHEOLOGY IN BRITISH GUIANA 303 
on the interior. Rim diameter is about 30 em., wall thickness 2.5 
to 3.8em. Depth cannot be estimated. 
Choppers (fig. 120) —Nine percussion-chipped implements of sim- 
ilar form have been classified as choppers. Two are syenite, the rest 
felsite. The form tends to be petalloid, with the sides converging 
toward a flattened or rounded butt. Two fragments have parallel 
sides and one specimen is irregularly circular. Chipping around 
the margin on both surfaces has produced a chopping edge on the 
sides as well as ends. One of the petalloid forms shows some batter- 
ing on the large end. The circular specimen was used on all edges 
indiscriminately. Complete specimens of petalloid-shaped choppers 
range from 8.5 to 11.3 cm. in length, 5.5 to 7.2 cm. in width at the 
broad end, 1.0 to 4.5 cm. in width at the narrow end, and 1.5 to 2.5 
em. in thickness at the center. The irregularly circular example 
ranges from 6.5 to 7.5 cm. in diameter and averages 2.3 cm. thick. 
Hammerstones—Three waterworn quartzite pebbles show traces 
of use on one end as hammerstones. ‘T'wo red jasper (chalcedony) 
cores bearing some percussion flaking were used for pounding. 
Their smaller size suggests they may have been used in the manu- 
facture of manioc graters. A small, elongated chert pebble with 
use chipping toward one end may have also been employed in this 
way. In asomewhat different category is a barrel-shaped stone with 
flat ends and curved sides, symmetrically formed by pecking and 
abrasion. It is whitish-gray quartzite,.6.0 cm. in, diameter at the 
center, narrowing to 4.4 and 4.2 em. at. the ends, and 5.8 em. high. 
One end shows slight peck marks from use as a hammer, but otherwise 
the object is undamaged. 
Hoes (fig. 121;,pl. 62).—Hoes are the most abundant type of 
stone tool from Rupununi Phase sites, being represented by 32 frag- 
ments. All. but three are syenite. Slabs.of this material, 6 to 20 
mm. in thickness, were percussion chipped to produce an implement 
of petalloid outline similar to that of choppers but flat surfaced and 
considerably thinner. The beveled blade shows a marked slickness 
and polish, produced by digging in the ground (pl. 62, c-f). The 
fact that the polish is more pronounced on one side than the other 
suggests the possibility that the hoe was hafted and its fixed posi- 
tion caused differential wear. No specimens were complete, but a 
number of fragments of similar thickness to the blade ends were 
found at the same sites, and it is likely that they represent the butt 
ends of hoes (pl. 62, a, 2). The sides taper toward a rounded or flat- 
tened end in a relatively symmetrical fashion. The length of these 
implements cannot be determined except by estimate from frag- 
ments. Several large pieces suggest that some were 12 to 15 cm. 
long., Maximum width is 6 to 10 cm., width at, the butt 2.8 to 5.0 cm. 
