16 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY 



ruin, known to the Pima and Papago as Shakayuma, was 

 discovered near the northwestern end of the Tucson Moun- 

 tains. Several ancient reservoirs, now called "Indian tanks," 

 situated east of Casa Grande, along the trail of the early 

 Spanish discoverers, were identified by their historic names. 

 In a reconnoissance down San Pedro River to its junction 

 with the Gila a number of mins was discovered on both banks 

 of the San Pedro and of Aravaipa Creek. A visit was also 

 made to the imposing cliff-houses near Roosevelt Dam, lately 

 declared national monuments by Executive proclamation. 

 Ruins near the mouth of Tonto River were likewise examined. 

 At the close of AjDril, by direction of the Secretary of the 

 Smithsonian Institution, Doctor Fewkes proceeded to the 

 Mesa Verde National Park in southern Colorado, where he* 

 took charge of the exca^^ation and repair work of the cele- 

 brated Spruce-tree House. This ruin was thoroughly exca- 

 vated and its walls were repaired and put in good condition, 

 in order that it might serve as a type ruin of the cliff -dwellings 

 of the ]\Iesa Verde National Park. One hundred and fourteen 

 rooms and eight kivas were excavated; two of the kivas were 

 fiu-nished with roofs reconstructed like al^original kiva roofs 

 in Peabody House ; an approach to the ruin was graded and 

 drained; and labels were placed at convenient points for 

 the information of visitors. Se\'^ral large rooms, hitherto 

 imknown, were luiearthed, and the structure of the kivas was 

 carefully studied. In order to deflect the water that fell on 

 the ruin from the rim of the canyon, causing great damage, a 

 channel 300 feet long was blasted out of the rock on top of the 

 cliff. Two collections of considerable size were made, one at 

 Casa Grande and the other at Spruce-tree House. The for- 

 mer includes many rare and several unique objects that shed 

 much light on our knowledge of the culture of the prehistoric 

 inha])itants of the Casa Grande of the Gila. The latter includes 

 skulls; pottery of rare forms and decoration; stone and 

 wooden implements; basketry, cloth, and other woven fab- 

 rics; sandals; and bone implements of various kinds. The 

 objects from the Spruce-tree House will l)e the first large 

 accession by the National Museum of collections of objects 



