PHONETIC KEY 

 I. Tewa Sounds 



1. Orinasal ("nasalized") vowels, pronounced with mouth and nose 

 passages open: a (Eng. father, but orinasal), x (Eng. m(/n, but ori- 

 nasal), e (moderately close e, orinasal), i (Portuguese smi), q, (French 

 pas, but orinasal), o (Portuguese to/??), ii (Portuguese atwm). 



2. Oral vowels, pronounced with mouth passage open and nose 

 passages closed by the velum: a (Eng. father), e (moderately close e), 

 i (Eng. rout^'ne), o (moderately close o), u. (Eng. r^de). 



Length of vowels is not marked unless it distinguishes words other- 

 wise alike; thus 'oA'w ' hill,' ^dhu 'turtle.' A superior vowel symbol 

 indicates that the vowel is very short and apt to be grating (Ger. 

 hnarrstunmig). All the vowels are breathy. Unless a vowel or 

 nasal is followed by tlie glottal elusive, a glottalized elusive, or a 

 sonant, an aspiration is distinctlj" heard at its end. 



3. Semi-vowels: j (Ger. j/a, but very fricative), w (Eng. ?<'ay). 



4. Laryngeal consonants: A (laryngeal A),' (glottal elusive). 



5. Dorsal consonants: h (voiceless lenis), hw (voiceless lenis labial- 

 ized (Latin ywis), % (glottalized), V (aspirated), g (Eng. ^ngev, voiced 

 inflative g preplosively nasal), g. (Castilian abo^ado), qw (Castilian 

 ju&z), y (Eng. si/i^er), ijiv (Eng. l^a,ng worthy). 



6. Frontal consonants: iif (Castilian mawana), t (voiceless lenis), 

 t (glottalized), f (aspirated), d (Eng. lawc^ing, inflative d preplosively 

 nasal), .(■ (Japanese /-oku), ts (Ger. z unaspirated), fs (Ger. z glottal- 

 ized), A- (Eng. *aw), tf (Eng. cAew but lenis), tj' (Eng. cAew, glottal- 

 ized), /(the capital form \s f; Eng. sAip), n (Eng. now). 



7. Labial consonants: p (voiceless lenis), p (glottalized), 2>' (aspi- 

 rated), h (Eng. lawi^ent, voiced inflative h preplosively nasal), fe (Cas- 

 tilian aiogado), m (Eng. man). 



The sound of I is heard in some words of foreign origin, and in San 

 Ildef onso polam/imi ' butterfly. ' 



The consonants may also be classified as follows: 



Voiced coustringents: y, w. 



Voiceless fricatives: A, s,/. 



Voiceless fricative labialized: qw. 



Voiceless lenis sonoplosive elusive labialized: hw. 



Voiceless glottalized clusives: 1% ?, f. 



Voiceless lenis aflfricative clusives: U., tf. 



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