I. COSMOGEAPHY 



The "World 



^ Opa 'the world' 'the universe'. The word is perhaps akin to 

 Taos 'pap'^, ' sis}' '. ' Opa includes everything that is. It is thought 

 of as being alive and is worshipped as ^ Opaseijf 'Universe Man' (^opa 

 'world'; s^yf 'man in prime'). The Milky Way is said to be its 

 backbone (see p. 51). The world is represented in Pueblo art in 

 various ways. Bandelier' writes: 



Here [among the Tewa], as well as among the Queres [Keresan stock], we must 

 distinguish lietween the heavens and the sky. The latter is a male deity called 

 0-pat-y Sen." 



This statement is incorrect; ' Opasejjf is not the Sk\' but the World. 

 The Cakdinal, Directions and Their Symbolisji 



The Tewa distinguish six cardinal directions or regions, namely: 

 north, west, south, east, above, and below. They are usually named 

 in the order here given. Tewa symbolism assigns series of colors, per- 

 sons, animals, plants, and inanimate objects to these cardinal directions. 



Divinities in some instances are multiplied that one may be asso- 

 ciated with each direction. These cardinal identifications are not 

 regarded as merely general information, but rather as a portion of 

 secret ritual: therefore it is difficult to obtain information about them. 



The names of the cardinal directions are clearly descriptive in ori- 

 gin. In the names of the four horizontal directions the postpound is 

 pije when 'in' or 'to' the region is expressed, //gV/t^ when 'frcHii' 

 the region is expressed. Pije^i {^i 'from') sometimes takes the 

 place of //g'^e. The names are used as nouns, adjectives, and adverbs. 



Pi/«^//e ' in the north ' 'to the north,' fimpq'ge 'from the noi'th' 

 iviVf 'mountain'; j^>ye 'toward' 'direction'; p'a'ge 'from the 

 direction of). 



Ts<impije 'in the west' 'to the west', tsqmp'q'tje 'from the west' 

 {tsQVf unexplained, but cf. tsiVndP* 'yesterdaj^,' and nq.'otsqnna 'it is 

 a little cloudy'; pije 'toward' 'direction'; j»'gV/<^ 'from the direc- 

 tion of). 



^Akompije 'in the south' 'to the south', ''akqmp'q'ge 'from tlie 

 south' (^al'oijf 'plain'; pije 'toward' 'direction'; p'q'ge 'from the 

 direction of.') 



' Final Report, pt. i, 1890, pp. 311-12; see Bibuographt, pp. 585-87 of the present memoir. 



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