42 ETHNOGEOGRAPHY OF THE TEWA INDIANS [i:th. anx. 29 



T'ampije 'in the east' 'to the east', t'qmpq'fje 'from the east' 

 (t'qyf 'sun'; joiy't; ' toward' 'direction'; j!>'a'^<? 'from the direction of). 



'' OpakeJ-i 'in or to the top of the world or above', ^opaJc&iip'q'ge 

 'from the top of the woi-ld or above' (^opa 'world'; IceM 'on top of 

 'top'; ;pq'qe 'from the direction of). 



' ()panug.e, mpisogenuge ' in or to the place under the world or down 

 where the earth sits', ''opanvged/', \>j>anug.ep'q'g.i\ )iqih><og.e>)ygeJ./. or 

 7iq nf<og.enug.ep' q' ^e 'from the place under the world or down where the 

 earth sits' Copa 'world'; nugc 'below' 'under' 'down' <niihi ''un- 

 dev\ ge 'down at' 'over at'; nq,yj' ''enrih'; .wf/c 'to sit'; .^7' 'from'; 

 p'q^fje 'from the direction of). 



. Bandelier' gives the Tewa cardinal directions as "Pim-pi-i", 

 north; " Tzani-pi-i", west; "A-com-pi-i", south; "Tam-pi-i", east; 

 "0-pa-ma-con", above; "Nan-so-ge-unge", below. These are for 

 pimpije, tsqmpije, ''ahqmpije^ t'qmpije, '' opmnakowa, and nQnsogenuge. 

 ' Opamalvira means 'sky of the world' {'ajM 'world'; mal'mna 'sk}'') 

 and is not the proper term. Bandelier does not name the points in 

 their Tewa order. 



Directions intermediate l)etween the cardinal directions are defined 

 by postfixing ^'tf'a 'between'; thus pijiipijetH<iinpijeja\i. 'northwest' 

 (piiiipije 'north'; tsiimpije 'west'; ja'a 'between'). More definite 

 descriptions of points between cardinal directions of points appear 

 not to be used. Be\' ' dell ' ' corner ' is sometimes postpounded instead 

 of ja\i. 



Terms for the cardinal directions have been obtained in the neigh- 

 boring languages also. The Taos and Jemez have somewhat com- 

 plicated systems, position higher or lower than the speaker requiring 

 different forms. Each distinguishes six directions. The Cochiti recog- 

 nize six directions, which thej' name in the same order as do the 

 Tewa. 



CARDINAL COLORS 



The color symbolism is the same at all the Tewa villages. It has 

 been obtained 153' the writer from all of them, that of some from a 

 considerable number of informants. This svmbolism differs from 

 that of some other Pueblo and non-Pueblo tribes of the Soutliwest. 

 Thus, the Zimi and the Hopi color scheme assigns blue to the north 

 and yellow to the west, but otherwise is the same as the Tewa. The 

 cardinal colors of Isleta have been obtained by Gatschet,^ of Zuni by 

 Mrs. Stevenson,- of the Navaho by the Franciscan Fathers^ and 

 others, of the Apache by Gatschet,^ of the Diegueno by "Waterman.^ 



1 Final Report, pt. i, p. 311, 1S90. 



illanrabook Imis., pt. i, p. 325, 1007. 



3 The Franciscan Fathers, An Ethnologic Dictionary of the Navalio Language, p. 55, Saint Michaels, 

 Ariz., 1910. 



<The Religions Practices of the Diegueno Indians (Unlr. of Calif. Pubis, in Amer. Arclural. and 

 Ethnnl., vol. S, pp. 332-4, 1910.) 



