52 ETHNOGEOGKAPHY OF THE TEWA IXDIAXS [eth. axn. 29 



'Si'ta (Earth Mother)". The Tewa never speak of the earth as 

 ' Earth Mother' but as ' Earth Old Woman '. The Taos call the earth 

 namend, the Isleta namue, the Jemez hmi or hunqpeta, the Piro 

 (Bartlett) "na-f'oU". 



EARTHQUAKE 



]V47it'qt'q 'earthquake' (n^ijj' 'earth'; t'qt'q 'to quiver' 'to trem- 

 ble'). Mj ?iq fit' at' qpo' ° '' the earth is trembling' {)iq, 'it'; nqvj' 'earth'; 

 t'qt'q 'to tremble'; j)o'° postpound). 



LANDSLIDE 



JVqfuhisiinj'ii 'the land slides or slips'; nqiuinjemu 'the land falls' 

 (nq. 'it'; ?iqyj' ^land^; siaifu 'to slide'; jemu 'to fall', said of 3+). 



Water 



Po 'water'. Water was not personified. It symbolized life and 

 fruitfulness. 



OCEAN, LAKE 



Pokici 'lake' 'ocean' {po 'water'; hri unexplained). 



The Tewa in primitive times knew of many lakes, and doubtless also, 

 in a more or less mythical way, of the ocean. All lakes were sup- 

 posed to be the dwelling- jjlaces of ^dl''mva 'cachinas' and passage- 

 ways to and from the underworld. 



WAVE 



^Uuf'v-UJ' 'wave'. 'Wa (< Span, ola) is also sometimes used. 



IRRIGATION 



The Tewa constructed systems of irrigation ditches before the 

 Spaniards came to their country. Irrigation ditch is called Z;^v"j. 

 A large or main ditch is called jijakwi'o, lit., 'mother ditch' (jija 

 'mother'; kw»''o 'ditch'). Cf. Span, acequia madre, of which the 

 Tewa expression may be a translation. A small irrigation ditch is 

 called Tcwvd'e ('e diminutive). The ditches in use at the present day 

 are of modern construction and supply Mexican and .American as 

 well as Indian farmers. In the spring the governor of each Tewa 

 pueblo orders the Indians of his pueblo to repair the ditches used by 

 the pueblo, and each male member of the community must do his 

 share of the work. In former times the women also worked at ditch 

 cleaning. 



