HAREINGTON] PLACE-NAMES 97 



possible to determine satisfactorily the origin of many of these names. 

 Tewa feeling or tradition is the safest guide. Where Tewa idiom is 

 violated, as in Tewa 'Alonniifse [13:46] for Spanish Loma Tendida 

 (which is poor Tewa but good Spanish), the Tewa is clearly the 

 translation. The Mexicans translated a number of Tewa place-names, 

 and took not a fewof theTewa words directly into their language, very 

 carelessly modifying their pronunciation. It is a custom of the Mexi- 

 cans to call a place after the surname of a long-resident, important, 

 or numerous family, or the sole family inhabiting it. These names are 

 sometimes singular, sometimes plural; as, Velarde [9:6], Los Luceros 

 [9:35]. The Tewa, not well understanding this custom, attempt 

 sometimes to translate Spanish names of this origin into their 

 language, rendering Los Luceros, for example, by ^Ag.ojoso^jo^iwe ' place 

 of the morning star' (translating Span, lucero 'morning star'). 



There is and always has been considerable dislike for the Mexicans 

 on the part of the Tewa, and this feeling is responsible for the purist 

 tendencies of many Tewa speakers. The Tewa are apt to avoid the 

 use of Spanish place-names when speaking Tewa, either translating 

 them or using the old Tewa equivalents. When talking Tewa in the 

 presence of Mexicans they are especially careful not to use any Span- 

 ish words, lest they be understood and the secret subject of the con- 

 versation be betrayed. Dislike for the Mexicans has tended to keep 

 the old Tewa place-names in use, and, in general, to preserve the 

 language. 



The area covered by the maps is that in which Tewa place-names 

 are common. Twenty-nine regional maps (the key to which is pro- 

 vided in map 30) are here presented, of varying scale according 

 to the number of the place-names; these follow the Indian political 

 divisions more or less faithfully. Each map is designated by a 

 number in boldfaced tj-pe inclosed in brackets, and also by a name 

 representing some prominent feature. For several reasons the 

 place-names are not given on the maps: The Indian names are too 

 long; frequently they have several variant forms in a single dialect; 

 many are found in several dialects or languages; there are often two 

 or more names for one place. The places are indicated by numbers. 

 The text treatment of the names follows their placement on the maps. 

 The number in boldfaced type in brackets indicates the map on which 

 the place occurs; the light-faced number refers to the place of cor- 

 responding number on the map. Thus [22:3] refers to sheet [22], or 

 Santa Fe Mountain sheet, and to the place on the sheet numbered 3. 

 Explanatory information inserted by the author in c[uotations is 

 placed in brackets. 



Conversation with Mr. Francis La Flesche, student of the Omaha 

 and other Siouan tribes, suggests interesting comparisons between the 

 place-names of a sedentary' Pueblo tribe, as the Tewa, and those 

 87584°— 29 eth— 16 7 



