HARRINGTON] PLACE-NAMES 99 



from the peak of Abiquiu [2;10?] to tht- Sierra de la Palisada [27:unlocated] 

 in the south abuts in the west an elevated plateau, containing a series of grassy 

 basins to which the name of 'Los Valles' (the valleys) has been applied. Per- 

 manent streams water it, and contribute to make an excellent grazing region of 

 this plateau. But the seasons are short, for snow tills the passes sometimes till 

 June, and may be expected again as early as September. During the three mont hs 

 of summer that the Valles enjoy, however, their appearance is very lovely. . . . 

 The high summits are seldom completely shrouded for more than a few hours 

 at a time, and as soon as the sun breaks through the mist, the grassy basins shine 

 like sheets of malachite. Flocks of slieep dot their surface, and on the heights 

 around the deep blue tops of the regal pines mingle with the white trunks and 

 light verdure of the tall mountain aspens. It is also the country of the bear 

 and the panther, and the brooks teem with mountain trout. 



But for agriculture the Valles offer little inducement; for although the soil is 

 fertile, ingress and egress are so difficult that even potatoes, which grow there 

 with remarkable facility, can not be cultivated profitably. The descent to the 

 east toward Santa Clara [14:71] is through a long and rugged gorge [14:24], over 

 a trail which beasts of burden must tread with caution, while toward Cochiti 

 [28:77] the paths are still more difficult. Op the west a huge mountain mass, 

 the Sierra de la Jara [27:10], interposes itself between the principal valley, 

 that of Toledo [Valle de Toledo [27:unlocated] ], and the Jemez country. 

 Both north and south of this mountain the heights are much less considerable; 

 still the clefts by which they are traversed are none the less narrow, and the 

 traveller is compelled to make long detours in order to reach the Jemez River 

 [27:34]."' "The Valles constitute a water supply for the Jemez country. 

 Two streams rise in it, the San Antonio [27:11] on the eastern flank of the Jara 

 Mountain [27:10], and the Jara [Jara Creek [27:unlocated] ] at the foot of 

 the divide, over which crosses the trail from Santa Clara [14:71]. These unite 

 soon to form the San Antonio 'river' [27:11], which meanders through the 

 Valles de Santa Rosa [16:45] and San Antonio [16:6] for seven miles in a 

 northwesterly direction, and enters a pictures(jue gorge bearing the same name, 

 and then gradually curves around through groves until, at La Cueva [27: 

 unlocated], it assumes an almost due southerly direction." ^ 



See especially [16:44]. [16:45], [16:131], [27:6], Valle de 

 Toledo [27 : unlocated], and Tsqmpije^i''^ pi?7y [Large Features :S]. 

 [Large Features : 2]. (1) San Juan Popiyy 'red river' (^w' water' 

 river'; pi 'redness' 'red'; 'i/;y locative and adjective-forming 

 postfix). This is the old Tewa name of the Chama Kiver, doubt- 

 less formerly current at all the Tewa pueblos. It is given because 

 of the red color of the water of the river. The water discharged 

 by the Chama frequently makes the Rio Grande red for miles 

 below the confluence. Bandolier learned that this red water in the 

 Chama comes from Coyote Creek [1:29] (see the quotation below), 

 but the water of the Chama is at all times reddish. 



(2) Tfamapo, TfamapofceQ.e {Tfaina < Span. Chama, see Span. 

 (5), below; po 'water' 'river'; Icege 'bank place' < Ice 'edge' 

 ' bank,' ge ' down at ' ' over at '). This loan-name is current at all 

 the Rio Grande Tewa pueblos. 



iBandeller, Final Report, pt. n, pp. 200-201. ^Ibid, pp. 201-202. 



