HARRINGTON] PLACE-NAMES 107 



The region known to the Tewa is covered at present with a network 

 of innumerable trails, most of which are made by stock. The intro- 

 duction of the horse doubtless greatly modified the course and charac- 

 ter of trails used in traveling. Satisfactory knowledge about the 

 ancient trails is surprisingly difficult to get. The chief ancient trails 

 leading west weie doubtless those which passed up the Santa Clara 

 and Guaje Creeks and over the western mountains into the Jemez 

 countr}'. Important trails must have run along both sides of the Rio 

 Grande and Rio Chama. All inforuaation obtained about ancient trails 

 is included in the present section. Old Indian informants say that the 

 Tewa had no bridges across the Rio Grande and the Chama in ancient 

 times; their trails led them to well-known fording places. These 

 were the only streams which could not be forded anywhere. Ford is 

 called mercljr popiiiae ' place where one goes thi-ough the water' {po 

 'water'; ^i 'to issue' ' to go tiirough'; '«'?«(? locative). As in the case 

 of the trails, the fords are full}' treated in the present section. 

 Some of the smaller streams and ditches of the Tewa country were 

 spanned by flat-hewn logs. 



Trails were sometimes named after the places or peoples to which 

 they led or after the peoples who used them: Thus, P'ejvpo ' Abiquiu 

 trail' {P\'fii 10 'Abiquiu'; po 'trail'); Wq-nsaMpo 'Navaho trail' 

 ( Wqnsaie 'Navaho'; pa 'trail'). 



Place-names in Regions Mapped 



[1] tieera amarilla sheet 



The Tewa have no current term for the region shown on map 1.' 

 Occasionally ''Abeljupije 'up Abiquiu way' i^Aielja 'Abiquiu', see 

 \Z:Z6\; j)'je 'toward') is used to designate all the country about and 

 beyond (north of) Abiquiu. Tierra Amarilla is applied to the sheet 

 because Tierra Amarilla is the name of the county seat of Rio Arriba 

 County, wliich has been used to denote this district. Bandelier ' men- 

 tions "the cold and well-watered Tierra Amarilla in northern New 

 Mexico" as "among the few typical timbered areas". 



Only one pueblo ruin is shown on [1]. Probably many other ruins 

 will be discovered later, however, in the southern part of this area. 

 Inquiry has failed to reveal that the Tewa have any knowledge as to 

 what people built these pueblos. The results secured by the writer 

 are as negative as those of Bandelier, who writes: ^ "To what tribe or 

 linguistic stock the numerous vestiges of pueblos along the Upper 

 Rio Chama, north of Abiquiu and west of El Rito, must be attributed, 

 is still unknown." See [2:7]. 



• See explanation regarding maps, on p. 97. 

 ! Bandelier, Fiiuil Report, pt. i, p. 19, 1S90. 

 nbid., pt. II, p. 53, 1892. 



