254 ETHNOGEOGKAPHY OF THE TEWA INDIANS [eth. ANN, 2!) 



poorer spelling, equivalent to the first. "Chawari".' "Tsa- 

 wi'irii'".- This form is doubtless for Tseewcuiii' ('i'' locative). 

 "Tcewadi".^ "Tsawari".^ "Tsawari, ou Tcewadi".'^ The first 

 of these forms is evidently from Hewett's information from the 

 Tewa, the second Fewkes's spelling-. 



The ruin consists of low mounds of disintegrated adobe, lying 

 on a low bluff on the south side of Santa Cruz Creek a short dis- 

 tance west of the Mexican settlement of Puebla [15:35]. It is 

 strewn with fi-agments of pottery. The site is well known to 

 Mexicans who live in the vicinity, one of whom guided the writer 

 to the place. 



The ruin is known to the Tewa by the name Tss^wcuiH''^. Tewa 

 and Mexican informants had never heard that it is called also 

 "Yam P"ham-ba"," San Cristobal, or any name other than Tsxwaui. 

 Of the history of the people of Tscewadi prior to their building of 

 the puel)lo the informants know nothing; not one of them had 

 heard that the people of Tssewaui were Tano people or that they 

 came originally from the Tano country or from 'down country'. 

 See Tano (NamesofTribes and Peoples, page 576). The evidence 

 is contradictory and confusing. We quote in chi-onologic order 

 what various writers say: " Los Queres [Keresans], Taos y Pecos, 

 peleaban contra los Tehuas y Tanos."' "Los Tanos, que cuando 

 se sublevaron vivian en San Cristobal [29:45] y en San Lazaro 

 [29:52], dos pueblos situados en la parte austral de la villa de Santa 

 Fe [29:5] despues por las hostilidadesdelos Apaches y de los Pecos 

 y Queres [Keresans] se trasladaron y fundaron con los mismos 

 nouil)res dos pueblos, tres leguas largas de San Juan [11 : San Juan 

 Pueblo]."^ "Higher up [in Santa Cruz Canada, [15:18]], toward 

 Chimayo [22:18], there are said to be well defined ruins on the 

 mountain sides, the names of two of which are Po-nyi Num-bu [22 : 

 unlocated] and Yam P'ham-ba [elsewhere given by Bandelier as 

 the Tano Tewa name of San Cristobal [29:45], q. v.]. The site of 

 Yam P'ham-ba is probably that of the socallod 'Puebla' [15:25], 

 two miles east of Santa Cruz [15:lil]. The former [Po-nyi Num- 

 bu] is very ancient, but Yam P"ham-ba was a village which the 

 Tano [see Names of Tkibes and Peoples, page 576] constructed 

 in the vicinity of Santa Cruz [15:18] after the uprising of 1680, 

 when they forsook the Galisteo [29:39] region and moved north in 



' Hodge, field notes, Bur. Amer. Ethn., 1895 (Nambi; information), Hiindbook Inds., pt. 2, p. 823, 

 1910. 

 2Ibid. (Santa Clara information). 



^Fewkesin Nineteenth Rep, Bur. Amer, Ethn., p. 614 (Hanoname.) 

 < Hewett, General View, p. 597, 1905. 

 sHewett, Commiinautt%, p. 31, 1908. 

 "Bandelier, Final Report, pt. ii, p. 83, 1892. 



' Escalante (1778), Carta al Padre Morfl, par. 7, quoted by Bandolier, iljid.. p. 103, note. 

 sRelacion An6nima, 1718, p. 127, quoted by Bandelier, ibid. 



