450 ETHNOGEOGRAPHY OF THE TEWA INDIANS [eth. ann. 29 



home on its banks. The first time we hear of Gi-pu-y is in tlie journal of 

 Onate in 1598.' Previous to Ofiate, in 1.591, (jas])ar Castaiio de Soi^a iiad named 

 one of the Queres [Keresan] villages on the Rio Grande Santo Domingo, and 

 his Journal leads me to infer that it stood on the east bank of that river.^ 

 About 1660 it certainly lay on the eastern side of the Rio Grande.' A 

 change in location of a pueblo is not always accompanied by a change of 

 name.'' It would seem, therefore, that the Gi-pu-y [28:117] near Wallace 

 [28:115], is not the historical Gi-pu-y, but a village of the same name of the 

 Santo Domingo Queres [Keresans], abandoned by them in consequence of a 

 disastrous flood jirevious to 1591. The ruins indeed a])pear very old, and the 

 southeastern portion has been carried off l)y the torrent [28:106]. They con- 

 sist of low mounds of rubble and rubbish, with a good deal of glazed pottery. 

 At one place there is a wall, apparently of adobe, 3 feet thick, and traces 

 of foundations of the usual thickness (0.30 m.) are visible in several of 

 the mounds. The site is level, and decay, not abrasion, has reduced the 

 ruins to their present condition. Some of the glazed pottery fragments, how- 

 ever, are still very bright in color. The banks of the arrovo [28:106] are verti- 

 cal in most places, and from 10 to 15 feet in height. Historical Gi-pu-y, of 

 which Juan de Onate has written, and which, it ajipears, was the Santo 

 Domingo of Castauo, stood nearly on the site of the present pueblo [28:109]; 

 but from what the Santo Domingo Indians told me, I infer that the first church, 

 built between 1600 and 1605," was erected on the banks of the Galisteo 

 [28:106], north of the village.^ It [historical Gi-pu-y] was swept away by 

 that torrent [28:106], and the pueblo rebuilt farther west on the banks of 

 the Rio Grande. The new village bore the name of Huash-pa Tzen-a [tsena 

 'river' 'Rio Grande'. See Huash-pa Tzen-a [28:unlocated]]. When the 

 river carried off a part of that settlement also, its inhabitants again moved far- 

 ther east, always clinging to the river banks. The pueblo was then called 

 Ki-ua, which name it still bears. In 1886 a jiart of Ki-ua, including both 

 churches, was destroyed by a flood, so that it is now impossible to recognize 

 the ancient sites. The Gi-pu-y near Wallace is the only one of the old 

 pueblos of Santo Domingo, east of the Rio (irande, of which any traces are 

 left.' 



1 "Obrdiritaa y Va.mllaji de Santo Domingo, p. 107. Viscurso de /;7S Jornadas, p. 2.54. He calls the 

 pliife Simto Domingo, without stating that ho harl named it so himself. This implies that the name 

 was given by some previous explorer. The dist^xnce which he traveled fron San Felipe to Santo Do- 

 mingo, four leagues (11 miles), is very exact, and shows that the latter pueblo stood on the banks of 

 the Rio Grande on or very near the site it occupies to-day, and not at Wallace [28:11.5] . Old Gi-pu-y 

 [38:117] is li leagues farther east than the Santo Domingo [38:109] of to-day."— B-indeliee, Final 

 Report, pt. 11, pp. 185-86, note, 1892. 



2 " Memoria del Descubrimiento. p. 253. It is plain from that Journal that the village stood on the 

 Rio Grande, since he says that it stood ' on the banks of a great river,' to which he himself afterwards 

 gives the name of ' el Rio Grande.' That it was on the cast bank is also very clear, since he reached 

 the place from San Marcos without crossingthe Rio Grande." — Ibid., p. 186, note. 



» " Vetancurt, Crbnica, p. 315. His information about the pueblos of New Mexico dates mostly from 

 1660. That the village stood on the river bank in August, 1080, is plainly stated by Antonio de Oter- 

 min in his Diiuio de la Retirada, fol. 30." — Ibid. 



J "Thus San Felipe has always kept its name of Kat-isht-ya, although its location has thrice been 

 changed. Sandia has remained Na-fi-ap, although it was abandoned in 1 OS! and reoccupied only in 1748 

 IsletaisT.shya-uip-a to-day, as itwasin 1681. Other pueblos, however, havechaugedtheirnames."— Ibid. 



'' " Fray Juan de Escalona, commissary of the Franciscan Order in New Mexico, was the builder of 

 the first church of Santo Domingo. He died in that pueblo, and was buried in the temple, in 1607. 

 Vctauccirt, Menologio: also Crbnica, p. 316. Torquemada. MonarcUa, vol. iii, p. 698. Every trace of 

 that church has long since di.sappeared." — Ibid., p. 187, note. 



" The Galisteo torrent [28:106] reaches the Rio Grande a lew huialred meters north of the present 

 village of Santo Domingo [28:109]. The pueblo is much exposed to damage by water, and for a num- 

 ber of years the river has been constantly encroaching on the east bjink. Moreover, several torrents 

 on the south, like the .\rroyo de los Valdeses [28:unlocated] and others, do mischief, yet the Indian 

 will not leave the spot." — Ibid. 



^ Bandelier, ibid., pp. 185-87, note. 



