458 ETHNOGEOGRAPHY OF THE TEWA INDIANS [eth. axn. 29 



Seo [29:1 1, [29:2], [29:4], [28:49], Canada Ancha, and Canada 

 Lar<;a [29:iinl<)catcd]. 



(3) Span. Mesa Cliino, for Mesa del Chiiu) 'Chinaman Mesa'. 

 The origin of this name is not understood. 



This is a very large mesa of irrej^ular form and hoioht. It can 

 be distinctly seen from Santa Fe. It is .said to have four chief 

 summits: [20:48], [29:2], [29:3], and [29:4]. For various points 

 of interest on and about the mesa see maps [20], [28], and [29]. 

 One old trail runs across it from [20:.50] to [28:48], while another 

 runs beside the Rio Grande along the western base of the mesa. 

 Cf. especially Tsi'a'n [28:4,S]. 

 [29:2] P'l'fiiJcwaJe 'timber point height' {J''efii'ii,see [20:unlocatecl]; 

 kw(/je "height'). 



This is a high, roundish height on top of [29:1], q, v. See also 

 [20:47]. [20:48]. 

 [29:.!] (1) Tinnu^ Tomafiiijf of obscure etj^mology (ioma unexplained, 

 but cf. other place-names ending in -ma such as '' Otna [16:42] and 

 finna \20:o]\ pi^y 'mountain'). "To-ma".' 



(2) Eng. Red'Hill. (<Span.). = Span. (3). 



(3) Span. Cerro Colorado 'red hill'. =Eng. (2). The height 

 has a reddish color; hence the name. 



This is a very high hill or mountain slightly west of the central 

 part of the plateau [29:1]. This hill is \evy well known to the 

 Tewa by the name Toma. The Tewa state that in ancient times 

 Toina "was one of the four places from which smoke and fire 

 used to come forth. The other places were ''Og.uhewe [20:6], 

 f-iimawakip o [19:110], and Ti^nfjop'o [18:21]. 



The Tehuas [Tewa] call the Mesa del Cuervo [see helow], and the heights 

 which crown it, To-riia . . . They say that "once upon a time," very, very 

 lonf^ ago, smoke issued simultaneously from four different points. From the 

 heights on the Mesa del Cuervo, or To-ma, from the 'Gigantes,' or black cliff 

 of Shyumo [20:6] south of San Ildefonso, from the Tu-yo, or the black mesa 

 [18:21] of San Ildefonso north of the village, and from another point in high 

 mountains which I could not locate." - 



Bandelier is certainly- wrong when he identifies Mesa del Cuervo 

 with foma\ see [20:50]. 



On the waterless plateau called El Cuervo, farther north, [than [28:49]] I 

 know of no ancient vestiges, and both the Canada Ancha and Canada Larga 

 [29:unlocated], at the foot of that wide and long mesa [29:3], I have been 

 informed, are devoid of all remains of former Indian habitations.^ 



Bandelier doubtless refers to Red Hill also when he writes: 



North of the Tetilla [29:4] lie several ancient craters, whose sides have 

 crumViled and are now rounded eminences or jagged humps. A layer of trap 



1 Bandelier, Final Report, pt. ii, p. 81, 1892. 



2 Ibid., p. 81 and note. 



