HAKEINGTOX] 



PLACE-NAMES 461 



(11) Eng. Santa Fe. (<Span.). = Span. (12). The Eng. pro- 

 nunciation is frequently sxntafel, and there is a tendenc}' to 

 write an acute accent over the final e of the name; see under 

 Span. (12). The application of the name to the Atchison, Topcka 

 and Santa Fe Railroad, popularlj' known as "the Santa Fe,'' has 

 greatly increased its visage. 



(12)\Span. Santa Fe 'holy faith'. =Eng. (11). The orthog- 

 raphy of the Spanish Academy gives fe 'faith' without the 

 acute accent over the e; see under Eng. (11). The full Span, 

 name current in early times was Villa de la Santa Fe de San 

 Francisco de Assisi ' city of the holy faith of Saint Francis of 

 Assisi'. This was formerly abbreviated as Santa Fe, San Fran- 

 cisco, or la Villa. For Villa see Span. (13). 



(13) Span, la Villa 'the city'. See Span. (12). This was in 

 early da^'s a term much used by the Span. -speaking people of 

 New Mexico. The expression 'a la Villa' 'at the city' 'to the 

 city' appears to have been taken into the liopi language as the 

 regular name for Santa Fe. Tewa and Mexicans seem rarely to 

 apply "la Villa" to Santa Fe at the present day. 



The histories of New Mexico treat fully the historj' of Santa 

 Fe. AVhat we know of the prehistory of the site of the city is 

 summarized by Hewett: 



The Tewa name for the site where Santa Fe now stands was 'Kuapoge' 

 (Tewa: The pku'e of the shell beads near the water) [<BandeHer], and a large 

 terraced pueblo [29:6] stood on Fort Marcy bill where the uiilitar}' breast- 

 works have long covered its ruined walls. A smaller pueblo [29:9], later 

 called 'Analco' (Analco: A Nahua or Aztec word, 'atl,' water; 'nalli,' the 

 other side; 'co' ou: 'On the other side of the water') stood south of the Rio 

 Santa Fe [29:8] on the site of San Miguel church. Some years ago I called 

 attention to the fact that portions of its walls still exist in the foundations of 

 the so-called ' Oldest House in Santa Fe,' built upon the ruins of the old Indian 

 pueblo early in the seventeenth century. We know that a third pueblo [29:7] 

 existed in very early times in the valley north of the river [29:8]. There is 

 an ancient burying gi-ouiid under the back part of the Old Palace and the 

 alterations in the building necessary for the purposes of the museum [Museum 

 of New Mexico] disclosed within the massive wall of the central axis, portions 

 of an ancient 'puddled' wall, characteristic of Indian architecture before the 

 art of making adobe bricks was learned from the Spaniards; identical with 

 fragments of puildled walls formerly to be seen in the foundations of the 

 'Oldest House' and under the foundations of Fort Marcy; also identical with 

 those that we have discovered in the course of our excavations at Perage 

 [16:36] . . . Abiquiu [3:38] and Ojo Caliente [6:25]. These walla evidently 

 survived the partial destruction of the Palace in 1680. None of these towns 

 were occupied at the time when the Santa Fe valley was first seen by white 

 men. All were in ruins, but the evidences at hand justify the belief that if one 

 could have stood upon the spot where the city nciw stands, looking east from 

 the site of the Church of Our Lady of Guadalupe, 500 years ago, there would 

 have been seen on what we call Fort Marcy hill, an Indian town of consider- 

 able size, consisting of one large terraced pueblo and one or more smaller 



