HARRINGTON] PLACE-NAMES 469 



was abandoned during tlie time that tlie Pueblos were independent, and an 

 effort tn repeo[)le it was made bj' Diego de Vargas after the pacification of New 

 Mexico in 1695, but witli little ."uccess. . . . Tzi-gu-ma ia therefore an histoi'ic 

 pueblo. Nevertheless, I am in doubt as to which stock its inhabitants lielonged. 

 They are mentioned as being Queres [Keresan] in such documents as are at 

 my command,' but the people of Cochiti do not regard them as having been 

 of their own stock, but as belonging to the Puya-t)'e, . . . or Tanos. Further- 

 more, the name Tziguma is a Tebua [Tewa] word signifying a ' lonely 

 Cottonwood tree', in Spanish ' alamo solu'. Until the question is decided by 

 further researches among the Tanos of Santo Domingo, I shall hold that the 

 pueblo was a Tanos [Tano] village.^ 



See [29:22]. 



[29:23] (l)Eiig. Alamo Creek. (< Span.) =Span. (2). ''Alamo Creek".' 



(2) Span. Arroj'o Alamo 'cottonwood arroyo'. =Eiio-. (1). 



Bonanza settlement [29:24] is on the middle course of thifs arroyo. 



[29:24] Eng. Bonanza settlement. Perhaps so called because of some 



mine or mining interest. See [29:23]. 

 [29:25] (1) Eng. Las Bocas Canyon. (<Span.). =Span. (2). 



(2) Span. Las Bocas 'the mouths'. =Eng. (1). "Las Bocas 

 que llaman de Senetu [29:20]".^ "Bocas".'* Why this name 

 was applied is not clear. 



This is the deep canyon through which Santa Fe Creek [29:8} 

 runs for a few miles, where it passes the southern extremity of 

 the mesa [29:1], Bandelier says of it: 



The Bocas themselves offer hardly anything of archaeological interest except 

 some rock carvings of which it is impossible to say whether they are due to 

 Pueblo Indiana or to nomads. It is a narrow caiion, picturesque in places, with 

 little spots of fertile soil, occasional cottonwood trees, and usually permanent 

 water. At the Bajada [29:27] the river sinks nearly always during early sum- 

 mer, and a plateau 5 miles wide spreads out to the west, to within a mile of 

 the banks of the Rio Grande at Peiia Blanca [28:92]; northwards it extends 

 not more than 4 miles, being encompassed on the nortli and east by a high and 

 very aljrupt mesa from which rises the cone of the Tetilla peak [29:4]. At 

 the Bajada [29:26] the slope of this mesa is almost vertical, and about five 

 hundred feet high. Where the stream makes its southwestern angle, creta- 

 ceous rocks are exposed in snow-white strata. Above tliem tower lava and 

 trap, black, craggy, and chaotic. To the Indian this was and stillis an important 

 locality [29:28], for white alabaster is found there; a mineral that serves for 

 whitewashing the rooms of his pueblo and for the manufacture of his fetiches. 

 We need not be surprised therefore to meet opposite the little settlement of La 

 Bajada [29:27], on the declivity sloping from the west towards the bed of the 

 Santa Fe River, the ruins of the old pueblo of Tze-nat-ay [29:29], as the Tanos 

 call it to-day.* 



1 Diario del Sitio de Santa Fe, fol. 12. Otermln makes a distinction; "Que se ban alzado los Indios 

 Tanos, y Pecos, Cienega, y San Marcos." But Vargas, Aldus, fol. 25, after having previously (fol. 24) 

 spoken of them as attacking Santa FS from the south, and enumerating the four tribes, adds: "Con 

 que se pusieren en fuga los dichos Tanos y Pecos ". Escalante ( Carta, par. 3) is quite positive: " Las 

 Queres de la Cienega. "—Bandelier, Final Report, pt. n, p. 92, 1S92. 



= Ibid., pp. 91-92. 



' United States Geological Survey, Reconnoissance map. New Mexico, Santa Clara sheet, 1892. 



' Merced de la Bajada, 1695, MS. quoted by Bandelier, op. cit., p. 97, and note. 



^Bandelier, ibid., p. 95. 



