480 ETHNOGEOGRAPHY OF THE TEWA INDIANS [bth. ANN. 29 



Apache Canon is perhaps the most famous of all the canons in this section of 

 the country, having a history dating back three centuries or more, yet few 

 people look upon it as j)0ssesiring more tlian a great scenic attraction. They 

 gaze on its massive granite wails sculptured into a thousand fanta.^tic shapes by 

 the erosion of centuries, yet its nanje means nothing to them. Apache Caiion 

 was for three centuries a stronghold of the tribe that gave it a name. From 

 Cafioncito [29:42] for 40 miles to the southwest the country is covered with a 

 growth of pinon and cedar that offered shelter to the roving bands of Apache 

 Indians that lurked along its precipices. It was their custom to appear along 

 the top of the eastern wall overlooking the deep abyss and spy on the 

 approaching caravan coming through from Cafioncito [29:42] or Glorieta 

 [29:35] and ambush the travelers in the heavier growth of the canon floor. 

 These raids were an infliction upon the Governments of Spain, Mexico, and the 

 United States in turn, and it may be reasonably inferred that the hero, John M. 

 Chivington, laid his plan for the destruction of Sibley's brigade by studying 

 this famous canon, and because of its name Sibley's brigade never made a 

 move, coming in sight from Santa Fe or going out of sight from Cafioncito 

 [29:42] into Apache canon, but that it was immediately reported to Chiving- 

 ton, who was camped with the mounted company and two infantry companies 

 of his regiment a short distance out cf Glorieta [29:35] . From the advantages 

 that I have hinted at is it not apparent tbat Chivington did do what he could 

 on March 27, 1862, to capture the entire advance of Sibley's brigade, and next 

 day, the 28th, defeated at Glorieta [29:35] Sibley's main force, besides burn- 

 ing all of the Confederate supplies at Cafioncito [29:42]?' 



The Tewa inform the present writer that it was not Apache, 

 but Comanche, who htrkecl about this canyon in earlier times. 

 The name Apache Canj-on was, however, certainly in use at the 

 time of the Civil War, and was probably used in Span, long 

 before tbat time. Bandelier does not mention the canyon under 

 any name: "Lamy [29:38] lies at the mouth of a narrow pass 

 through which the railroad emerges from the Pecos valley."^ 

 See [29:34], [29:35], [29:42]. 

 [29:38] (1) Eng. Lamy settlement. (See map 29A, on which are indi- 

 cated sites of a number of Tano Tewa puel)lo ruins.) =Span. 

 (2). Named after Archbishop Juan [Jean] B. Lamy, first arch- 

 bishop of New Mexico, who occupied the archiepiscopal see from 

 1875 to 1885. The name, of French origin, is usually pronounced 

 in Eng. Jehnl. 



(2) Span. Lamy. = Eng. (1). The name is pronounced in 

 Span, either lami or Ulmi. 



Lamy is at the junction of the branch railroad connecting with 

 Santa Fe city [29:5] and the main line. It has a station, a hotel, 

 a couple of stores, and a considerable Mexican population. It 

 lies just below the canyon [29:37], to which it gives one of the 

 names. There is said to be a small house ruin somewhere at 

 Lamy "on the north side of the [which ^] railroad track;" see 

 Nameless ruin at Lamy [29:38], [29:un]ocated]. 



1 James A. Crank in Santa Fr New MrHvan, Mar. 11, 1912. 



2 Bandelier, Final Report, i>t. n, p. 100, 1892. 



