490 ETirNOUEOGRAPHY OF THE TEWA INDIANS [etu. axn. 20 



The ruin is, of course, lofatcd only approximately, it is assumed 

 that Uaudelier names the three villages in order from east to 

 west. Cf. [29:47], [29:48]. 

 [29:51] (1) Tano Tewa '"Hishi^'.' "Hish-i".^ This name is not 

 known to the informants. It is suspected that it is Bandelier's 

 spelling for heji"^ (mineral gender, sing.) or lie'jiyf (vegetal 

 gender, sing.) 'long'; ^orjwihi-'jiyj' would mean 'long pueblo' 

 CoTjivi 'pueblo"), being an exact translation of Sjian. (2), below. 

 (2) Span. "Pueblo Largo". ^ This means 'long pueldo'; cf. 

 Tano Tewa (1), above. 



The Galisteo plain [Santa Fe Plain (Large Features), page 104J is bordered 

 on the west by the Sierra de Dolores [Ortiz Mountains [29:71']]; south of 

 this mountain rises the Sierra de San Francisco [Golden Mountains [29:7:5]]; 

 and a long waterless valley, running from east to west, separates the two 

 ranges. This arid caiiada is partly covered with coniferous trees, thfiugh in 

 most jilaces it is grassy, and haunted by antelopes. 



A little beyond the entrance to it lies the 'Pueblo Largo', called by the 

 Tanos [of Santo Domingo] Hish-i, — a large ruin indicating a considerable vil- 

 lage situated on both sides of a mountain torrent [[29:49]?]. The main por- 

 tion of the ruins is to the north of the arroyo, and, as at San Cristobal [29:4it], 

 the water has washed it, chiefly on the south side, exposing some of the rooms. 

 They are usually 2.8 to 3.5 m. long by 2.1 to 2.8 m. wide (average in feet, 9J 

 by 7); the walls are 0.25 m. (10 inches) thick, made of thin plates of sand- 

 stone. The village formed several quadrangles, and it may have accommo- 

 dated ],5(i0 people, upon the supposition tliat both sides of the arroyo were 

 occupied simultaneously. 



The Southern ruins, however, show more and apparently longer decay than 

 the northern, and it is not safe to assume for Hish-i any comparatively large 

 population. At least five estufas can be detected within the squares of large 

 court-yards formed by the edifices. In the neighborhood of one of these 

 estufas there is a very peculiar arrangement of ten stones, in three parallel 

 lines. 



The stones are parallelopipeds, or prisms about 0.75 m. (34 inches) long by 

 0.;50 to 0.40 wide, and 0.20 to 0.30 broad. Two-thirds of their length is set in 

 the ground so that only about 0.25 m. protrudes; they stand at quite regular 

 intervals and two fif them are connected by a row of smaller stones set on 

 edge. Their proximity to an estufa renders the presence and arrangement of 

 these slabs mysterious, but they resemble common headstones on graves, 

 Still, I could not ascertain that anything had been discovered beneath one of 

 them which has been excavated. Their shape was not artificial, but due to 

 natural cleavage alone, as I satisfied myself by inspecting a rocky hill near by, 

 where ledges of the same material crop out. 



Whether the Puelilo Largo was occupied within historical times I am unable 

 to answer. In ItiSO Fray Alonzo de Benavides stated that the Tanos occupied 

 five pueblos.* This number [five pueblos] agrees with the historically known 



1 Bandelier, Final Report, pt. i, p. 125, 1890: Hewett, General View, p. 597, 1905. 



2 Banrlolior, op. oil., pt. II, p. 106, 1R92. 



3 Ibid., pt. I, p. 125; pt. ii, p. 106, Hewett. op.cif. 



^" Memorial, p. 2i. Heascribesto the Tanos 4,000 souls. I hold this estimate to be reasonable, 

 although proi>ab]y a little above the true number. Eight hundred inhabitants isa high average."— 

 Bandelier, op. cit., pt. it, p, 107. 



