H4RKIXGTON] PLACE-NAMES 491 



villages of the Tanos, provided San Marcos [Kunyx'gvwikeji [29:unlocated]] 

 and the Cienega [29:22] were inhabited by them, and not by the Queres 

 [Keresans]. If, however, San Marcos and the Cienejia belonged to the latter 

 tribe, there would be room for Hish-i among the hit^torical settlements.' 



See [29:49.] 

 [29:52] (1) Tano Tewa "I-pe-re".= "Ipera".^ The Tewa in- 

 formants do not know this name and cannot suggest even a 

 plausible etymology. Tewa ^ij/eM' means 'he breathed it out' 

 {'I 'he' 'it'; pe^il^to exhale'). Pe.(l means 'to lose', but a form 

 ^ipediis not possible. All sorts of pronunciations of Bandelier's 

 "I-pe-re" have been used with the Tewa, but they can make noth- 

 ing' of it. 



(2) Span. "San Lazaro".* "S. Lazaro".^ "St Lazarus".' 

 "San Cazaro"^.' "San Lazaro".^ "San Lasaro". » The 

 name means 'Saint Lazarus'. 



Six miles west of Galisteo [29:40], on the eastern slopes of the picturesque 

 Sierra del Real de Dolores [29: uulocated], and on the southern bank of the 

 Arroyo del Chorro [29:49], stand the ruins of I-pe-re, or San Lazaro, another 

 Tanos [Tano] village, which was aljamloned after the uprising in 16S0 and 

 never occupied again. The three historic pueblos of the Galisteo group [[29:45], 

 [29:;?9], and [29:.52]] thus stand in a line from east to west 11 miles long. 

 The ground around San Lazaro is much broken. The ruin stands on bluffs that 

 are not abrupt, and the arroyo [29:49] winds around their base. The dispo- 

 sition of the buildings is similar to that at San Cristobal [29:45] and traces of 

 stone walls connecting them with each other are visible. It seems to have 

 been smaller than either Galisteo [29:39] or San Cristolial [29:45], and was 

 buih. of stones. The houses were so disposed as partly to encompass an ellip- 

 tical enclosure of stone built around a slight depression. The perimiter of the 

 enclosure is about 140 meters (460 feet). Only two buil<lings appear to have 

 been connected with it, and in the depression which the wall surrounds are 

 still two circular sunken areas of small dimensions. At San Cristobal [29:45] 

 there are also, in connection with some of the mounds, enclosures made of 

 roughly piled stones. I can only suggest a probable object of these unusual 

 structures. The Tanos possessed flocks, mostly sheep, and the enclosures may 

 have served for keeping them in safety over night. Quite analogous enclos- 

 ures of stones, usualh* reared against the steep acclivity of a mesa or other height, 

 so as to require buildjng only three sides, are made by shepherds in treeless 

 districts. The stone enclosures at San Lazaro and San Cristobal [29:49] may 

 have been constructed for the same purpose. Both villages were very much 

 exposed to attacks by the Apaches from the side of the plains as well as from 

 the mountains west of the Galisteo basin Santa Fe iilain [Large Features, 

 page 104]]'". 



' Bandelier, Final Report, pt. ii, pp. lOG, 107 and note, 1892. 



s Ibid., pt. I, p. 125, 1890; pt. ii, pp. 83, lO.i. 



3 Howett: General View, p. 597, 1905; Communautes, p. 38, 1908. 



< Vetancurt (lfi96) in Teatro Mex., pt. ni, p. 324, 1871. 



s D'Anville, Map Amer. Septentrionale, 1746. 



8 Kitcliin, Map X. A., 1787. 



' Bandelier in Ritch, N. Mex., p. 201, 18.S5. 



« Bandelier, Final Report, pt. i, p. 125, LsgO; pt. ii, 83, 105, 1892; Hevvett: General View, op. cit., 

 Communautes, p. 32. 



9 Ladd, Story of N. Mex., p. 92, 1891. 



" Bandelier, Final Report, pt. n, pp. 106-06. 



