602 ETHNOGEOGRAPHY OF THE TEVVA INDIANS [eth. axn. 29 



and a new one constructed at the I'ootof the mesa of Ta-mi-ta [29:65], to which 

 the same name [Kat-isht-ya] was given. 



Xliere tlie lirst church of San FeUpe was built by Fray Cristobal de Quinones, 

 who died at the pueblo [29:66] in 1607 [?], and was buried in the temple w hich 

 he had founded.' The Queres [Keresans] occupied this site [29:66] until after 

 1683.^ Ten years later [after 1683] Diego de Vargas found them [the San Felipe 

 Indians] on the o])posite side of the river [from [29:66] ], on the Blac^k Mesa 

 [29:67], overlooking San Felipe [29:69]. ■'' A church was built on this site 

 [29:68] after It)94, the ruins of which present [at the present day] a picturesque 

 appearance from the river banks. In the beginning of the last century [the 

 18th century], the tribe of San Felipe li'ft the mesa [29:67], and established 

 itself at its foot, where the present Kat-isht-ya [29:69], the fourth of that name, 

 stands. 



1 " The San Felipe of the Queres [Keresans] must not be confounded with a ' Sant Felipe ' mentioned 

 In the Tcstimonh dado en Miiico (Doc. de Indias. vol. xv, pp. S3 and 90) by the companions of Fran- 

 cisco Sanchez Chamuscado in 1582. The latter pueblo was the first one met by these explorers in 1581 

 on their way up the Rio Grande, and was a village of the Piros (see Names of Tribes and Peoples, 

 page 575], probably near San Marcia', at least liiO miles farther south. The name Sant Felipe was after- 

 wards forgotten. The pnoljlo [29;(W] at the toot of Ta-mi-ta[Z9;G.5] was undoubtedly visited by Cas- 

 tano in 1591, and it may be that he gave that name to it. Onate so calls it in 1.598 in Discurso de las 

 Jornada^, p. 254. lie arrived there on the 30th of June, ' Pasamos & Sant Phelipe, cast tres leguas.' Also 

 in Obcdirntia y Vamllaje de San Juan Baplista p. 114: ' La Provmcia de los Cheres con los pueblos de 

 Castixes, llamados Sant Phelipe y de Comitre.' We find here in a corrupted form the Indian names 



both of the pueljlo [29:001 and of the round mesa [29:05] at the foot of which it stood The error 



was probably made in copying the document for the press. San Felipe again appears in thedociunent 

 called Pitkinn a Don Xplobalde Oilate par los Pobladorcs de San Gabriel, 1004 (MS.): ' Pedunos y supflicamos 

 seaserbidodedespacharyechardestabellaaJuaLopez Olguinal pueblodeSan Felipe.' Fray Cristobal 

 de Quinones had an org.in set up at San Felipe. Says Vetancurt, Menologio, p. 137: ' Solicits para el 

 culto divino organos y musica, y por su diligencia aprendieron los naturales y salieron para el oficio 

 diumo diestros cantores.' Accordmg to the Crdnica (p. 31j), San Felipe previous to the rebellion had a 

 'Capilla de Musicos.' It is well established that many of the Pueblo Indians knew and performed 

 church music in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Fray Cristobal died at San Felipe April 27, 

 1009[?], and was buried in the church. Vetanciu-t, Menologio, p. 137. He had also established a hospital 

 with a pharmacy. San Felipe in 1036 was the residence of the Father Custodian, Fray Crist6bal de 

 Quires. Autos wbrc Quexas contra lejs Religiosos del Nuebo Mexico, 1030, MS. But it was not as a per- 

 manent seat; at that time the custodians resided at their respective missions."— BANDELrER,_ Final 

 Eeport, pt. u, p. 1S9, note, 1892. 



2 " No massacres of Spaniards or priests occurred at Sun Felipe in August, 1080, but a few Indians who 

 had remained faithful to the Spaniards were killed. Interrogatorios de Varios Indios, liKl, tol. 139. All 

 the males of that pueblo, with few exceptions, joined in the butchery at Santo Domingo [28: 109]. At 

 the time there was no resident priest at San Felipe, but the missionaries for the three Queres [Keresan] 

 pueblos of Cochiti, Santo Domingo, and San Felipe resided at the convent of Santo Domingo. The 

 Indians of San Felipe also took part in the (rightful slaughter of Spanish colonists that occurred in the 

 haciendas between the pueblo and Algodones [29:78]. Compare Otermin Diariode la Relirada, 1080, MS., 

 fol. 31. The pueblo was abandoned upon the approach of the retiring Spaniards, and many Indians ap- 

 peared upon the Great Mesa [29: 07] on the west side of the Rio Grande, watching the march of Otermin. 

 It was reoccupied immediately afterwards by its inhabitants. Interrogatorios, 1081, fol. 137 ct seq. In 

 December, 1081, Mendoza found it deserted. Yntcrrogatnrio de Pregnntas, MS.: ' Y que de alii pas6 al 

 pueblo de San Felipe, y to hall6 despoblado, y en el solo Yndio llamado Francisco al qual le pregimtoen 

 su lengua por la gente del pueblo, y respondifi haberse ido huyendo a la Cieneguilla [[29: 20|?], 6 pueblo 

 de Cochiti, y hacicndo huscar el pueblo en todas sus casas, se haUaron muchas cosas de la Yglesia, y 

 emparticular vn incensario de plata, y vna naveta, y caxuela de los santos oleos, y cruces de mangas que- 

 bradas, y en todas las demas casas cantidad de mascaras de sus bayles diabfilicos, y en medio de la plaza 

 montones de piedras adonde hacian sus idolatrias, y toda la Yglesia destruida, y el convento demolido, y 

 en la orilla del riole digeron, los que ivan ensu compania, que estaba unacampana,quequiziern quebrar, 

 y solo le hicieron vn agugero. ' San Felipe was occupied again, and was inhabited in 1083. Declaracion 

 de vn Yndio Pccuri, MS."— Ibid., note, pp. 189-90. 



3 In the fall of 1092, when Vargas made his first dash into New Mexico, the Indians of San Felipe were 

 with those of Cochiti on the Potrero Viejo (28: .'lO). A utos de let Giierra de la Primcra Cnmpaita, 1092, fol- 

 141. I have already stated that the Indians of San Felipe kept their promise of returning to their pueblo, 

 which stood then on the summit of the long Black Mesa [29:07] west of the present pueblo [29: 69]. 



.There Vargas found them in November, 1693. Autos de Giierra del Ano de 1093, fol. 22: ' Y ayer sali con 

 50 soldados por toilos y 00 mulas con sus arieros y snvl A la mesa donde tienen dho pueblo los de Sn 

 Phelipe.' It still stood there [at [S9:6S]J in 1090. Autos de Guerra del Ano de 1090, MS.— Ibid., p. 190. 



