532 ETHNOGEOGEAPHY OF THE TEWA INDIANS [f.th. axn. 29 



[Tiwa] pueblo of Chilili stood on the west side of the creek [Arroyo de Chihli 

 [29:unlocated] ], but its site is now built over, and only a few traces of the 

 small chapel are visible. The chapel, dedicated to the Nativity of tlie Virgin 

 . . . stood on the east bank. HFooinote:} Vetancurt, Crdnica, p. 324: 'El 

 templo era d la Navidad de Nuentra Seiiora dedirado. Es el primer pueblo 

 del valle de laa Salinas [29:110]'.] The inhabitants of Chilili say that 

 nietates and arrowheads are still occasionally found. I noticed some black 

 and red potsherds, and later I saw a handsomely decorated water nrn, well 

 preserved and ornamented with symbols of the rain, the tadpole, and of fish, 

 painted black on cream-colored ground, which had been -exhumed at Chilili. 

 It is in possession of the Hon. R. E. Twitchell of Santa F^. 



The brook running through Chilili extends only about a mile beyond that 

 hamlet; farther down it sinks, like all the watercourses that de.-scend from the 

 Manzano chain [29:104], towards the Salines [29:110]. These constantly fill 

 up their own beds with drift and sand, and thus, in course of time, gradually 

 recede. Years ago, so old residents affirm, this brook had permanent water 

 for one mile and a half farther east. It is well to note such local peculiarities, 

 for {hey tend to explain changes of locality of Indian villages in former times. 

 The settlement of modern Chilili [29:124] dates from 1841 ; that is, agrant wag 

 issued in that year for lands on that site, [[i^ootoote.-] Merced d Santiago Pa- 

 diUa, etc., March 29, 1841, MS.] But the first houses were l.iuilt some dis- 

 tance lower down the arroyo than the present village. Subsequently they had 

 to be abandoned on account of the filling up of the bed of the stream with 

 solid matter. 



Chilili was an inhaliited pueblo until about 1670. It appears first in 1630 

 but there are indications, amounting almost to positive evidence, that it existed 

 in the sixteenth century. [[Footnote.-'i Benaxides, Memorial, p. 23: 'Dexando 

 el Rio del Norte, ya partandose de la nacion antecedente azia el Oriente diez 

 leguas, comienga la nacion Tompira [Tompiro] por su primer pueblo de Chilili.' 

 The name of "Tompiros", as I shall prove further on, is a misnomer when 

 applied to the Tigua [Tiwa] Pueblosof the Sahnes [29:110].] [[Fooinole:'] Obe- 

 diencia y Vasallaje dsu Magestadpor loslndios del Pueblo de AcolocA ( Doc. de Indias, 

 vol. G, p. 118). This document beais date October 12, 1598. It mentions four 

 villages, ' Pa;'ico [29:79], Cuzaya, Junetre, and Acolocu.' In Chapter II, I have 

 identified thefirst one with the Tanos puebloatSan Pedro; Chilili is mentioned 

 as 'captain of Acolocii'. The " province" is called 'Chealo.' If Chilili existed 

 in 1630, it is quite likely that it was in existence forty years previous. ] The con- 

 version of the peojile to Christianity and the building of the chapel are attrib- 

 uted to Fray Alonso Peinado, who became Custodian of New JMexico in 1608. 

 llFoolnote:} Vetancurt, Cronica, p. 324: 'Tenia la nacion Piros [Names of 

 Tribes and Peoples] mas de quinientos Cristianos que convirtio el reverendo 

 Padre Fray Alonso Peinado, cuyo cuerpo estd alli enterado.' Ibid., p. 300: 

 ' El ano de 1608 . . . fue por custodio el Padre Fray Alonso Peinado, con 

 religiosos, por cuenta de su majestad.' Father Peinado was alive in 1617. 

 Autos de Proceso contra Juan de Escarranad, 1617, MS.] This would assign a 

 very ancient date to the establishment of the church at Chilili. In 1680 it is 

 said to havecontained five hundred Tigua [Tiwa] Indians. [[Footnote:] Vetan- 

 curt, )(/ supra.'] Whether it was the seat of a mission or only a 'visita', I am 

 unal)le to say. The persistent hostilities of the Apaches caused the abandon- 

 ment of Chilili, and all of the pueblos about the Salines [29:110], jireviou.? to 

 the uprising of 1680. [[Footnote:'] See the remarkable complaint of Fray 

 Francisco de Ayeta, Memorial en Novere del Gobei-nador, Cahildo Justiciag Regi- 

 miento dela Villa de Santa Fc, 1676 (MS.), and the confession alluded to in the 

 Parecer del Fiscal of September 5 of the same year. The Licentiate Don Martin 



