52 DIVISION I. VEIiTEIJIIAL ANIMALS. — CLASS I. JIAMMALIA. 



from tlio remotest ages. lie lias given liimsclf entirely to man, dwells 

 with him, hunts with jiim, detends iiini, at the same time claiming protec- 

 tion from him, and at last, dies in his society. History makes no mention 

 of him in any other condition. There mnst originally have been several 

 species possessing the moral attributes which are now so marked, and from 

 tiiem the many varieties, so well known, were undoubtedly produced. 

 Si)eenlations on the origin of the dog, which go farther than this, can only 

 end in ecinfusion. AA'e introduce here some obser\ations of Charles Hamil- 

 ton Smith toni/hing this point, and which seem to admit the conclusi(jns 

 arrived at aljove : — 



" AVe leave it to physiologists to inform lis of the facts, if such there be 

 in the ^vliole circle of manimifcrous animals, where the influence of man, 

 by education and servitude, has been able to develop and combine faculties 

 and anatomical torms so ditferent and opposite as we see them in ditl'crent 

 races of dogs, nidess the typical species were first in possession of their 

 rudiments. We do not pretend to deny a certain influence to eilucation 

 even on the external form, nor that servitude and misery will produce some 

 corresponding decrease of size. But climate cannot have etfectcd nuicji 

 ditlcrence in the growth, since the two extremes are found both in hot and 

 cold countries. 



"Nor can food have had a material influence, since man, existing entirely 

 on vegetables, or on fish, retains all of his faculties as well as when he sub- 

 sists on flesh ; and to a late period in the history of Europe, the fiercest 

 dogs, such as the ])acks kept by the feudal nobility for boar and wolf hnnt- 

 inn'. were inxarialilv fed on bread. If the dog proceeded solely from one 

 tvpical species, allowance being made for some modifications as above speci- 

 fied, all his devcloj)mcnts woidd ccnitinuc within the circle of powers and 

 faculties belonging to tlie original type. They might diminish, but increase 

 onlv in a trifling degree. 



" We may infer that food or climate would not truncate and widen the 

 muzzle, nor raise the frontals, nor greatly alter the posterior l)ranehes of 

 the lower jaw-bone, as in Mastiffs. It woidd scarcely have the eftect, in 

 other cases, of jn'odueing a high and slender structure, while it took away 

 the sense of smelling, and sever.al of the best moral qualifications resulting 

 from domesticity and education, as occur in Greyhounds. All these quali- 

 ties ap[)ear to us indications of diflerent types, whose eoml.)inable properties 

 have enabled man to nudtiply the sjjccies of dogs into the several races his 

 wants required. 



" In these views we expect to have the concurrence of all sportsmen who 

 have studied the characters of the animals more than the books of system- 

 atic writers, and are led by inferences from thcli- own observations, rather 



