OKDEK V. THE CAKXIVOKA. 59 



Of all (jurnlrupcJs, do'j^-i possess tlie greatest power of inoculating tlic 

 voice. The various emotions wliieli agitate tlieiu tlicy express by a bark, 

 howl, bay, whine, snarl, yelp, or growl. In pain, sulfering, or grief, they 

 ha\e an expressive whine or moan ; when impatient, a guttural, trennilous 

 squeal ; and when angry, a sharp snarl. The Shepherd's Dog is able to 

 make known his will to the sheep committed to his charge by the varied 

 intonations of his voice. Every tone appears to be well understood by 

 them ; they acknowledge his authority an<l obey his commands. 



The intellectual jiowers of the dog are not created by training and long 

 ages of education, as some assert, however much they may have been im- 

 proved and developed by these circumstances. These mental attriijutes 

 are rooted in his origin:d constitution, and arc utterly unattainaljlo by those 

 races of the Canid;e that remain wild. The dog is civilized and domesti- 

 cated, because he is fitted and designed by nature for such a state ; while 

 the wolves and other dog-like animals continue in a savage condition, be- 

 cause they have no inherent cpudities which render any other possible. 



AVc can fix on no i)eriod when the education and domestication of the 

 dog commenced, but we have incontestable proofs that his ci\ ilization is as 

 old as that of the human race. These proofs arc furnished by the oldest 

 mythologies, in all which he occupies a prominent place. "One of the 

 most beautiftil stars among the oldest designated in the heavens, and which 

 served for the purpose of fixing an epoch in the solar year, was called by 

 his name — Sirius. Other constellations, nearly as old, were likewise 

 noted by the name of dogs ; and in typifying ideas by images representing 

 physical objects, moral qualities of the highest order were figured with char- 

 acteristics of the dog, till his name and image became consjiicuous in nearly 

 every ancient system of Pagan theology." 



THE DOG HISTORICALLY C( )XSn)EKED. 



The wide and rapidly increasing interest manifested in regard to tlie 

 Canine species has led us to compile the following historical summary, 

 which jiresents, in brief, a sketch of these interesting animals from the 

 earliest ages, and marks tlic changes to which they have been subjected, 

 and the epochs of the introduction of some new species : — 



ilany nations in Central Asia, and tribes that emigrated from thence, 

 employed the large, ferocious dogs they had with them for the purpose of 

 war. Sometimes they formed their advanced or first line with light 

 troops and these animals ; at others, each warrior had his own dog to 

 assist him ; and, lastly, they placed the dogs to guard their women and 

 wagon-camjis. Vt'e find this usage among the Ilircaniaus, Caspians, Co- 



