31G DIVISION I. VKUTEBKAL ANIMALS. — CLASS I. MAMMALIA. 



higher, and says that thoii.sands of Ayrshire cows give four thousand annu- 

 ally, beer measure. It is conceded by all farmers who have had any expe- 

 rience in the different l)recds, that an Ayrshire cow generally "-ives a a'reater 

 return in milk fir the food consumed than any other breed of cows. "\Ve 

 ■will now make a few figures on profit and loss. A cow that gives only 

 fifteen hundred cpiarts a year, will, at five cents a (piart, yield an income of 

 seventy-five dollars, which will leave but little profit after taking out tlie 

 keeping. The one that gives three thousand yields an income of one hun- 

 dred and fifty dollars, while one tiiat gives four thousand yields an income 

 of two hundred dollars, or a net prolit of one himdrcd and twenty-five d<jl- 

 lars over the first. Ihit allowing that we give this (ine twenty-five dollars' 

 worth of extra feed, then we have one Inmdred dcjllars left, and a profit of 

 twelve hundred dollars on a dairy of twehe cows, — an item which woidd 

 satisfy any of our farmers. 



"The (jucstion now comes, How shall we oljtain such cows? It is con- 

 ceded by Ijreeders that a cross of native cows with an iVyrshire l)ull pro- 

 duces nearly as good milkers as full-ljloods. Then all you have to do is to 

 select the best cow you have, and put her to a full-blood Aj-rshirc bull ; 

 and if she has a heifer calf, with a small and long head, eyes not large, but 

 dark and lively ; neck long and sleuder, tapering towards the head ; shoul- 

 ders and f >re rpiartcrs liglit and thin ; hind quarters large and l)road, with 

 skin loose, tliin, and soft, raise it ; but if it has not most oi' these points, 

 reject it aiul tiy again, and in a Ctjw years you will have a dairj- that you 

 will be proud of, besides giving you a well-filled purse. To succeed well, 

 there are two things more which should have been included, viz., proper 

 care and li'ed. By proper care, I have reference to the habit fu'mers have in 

 letting liicir cows be out in cold, windy, or stormy dajs. I ha\e seen cows 

 stand all day in a IMarcli wind without any protection. I^et a man stand 

 there so many hours and it would imfit him for labor for a week. In relation 

 to feed, fu'iners often turn their cows out on a frosty morning to eat frozen 

 grass, or eat old fou', and, so long as this bloats them up and makes them 

 look full, they think tiiey have feed enough. Cows shouhl iie\er be turned 

 out on a frosty morning, but should be fed in the barn ; and whether cold 

 or hot, after the grass has been spoiled by frost, they should be fed daily in 

 the barn and kept up all cold days, and thus keep up their health and fiesh, 

 otherwise tliey will soon lose all they have gained during the sinnmcr." 



The animals of the group which we have now been considering are noted 

 for their gentleness and great amiability of disposition, which, together with 

 their great utility, should secure them kind and gentle treatment and benev- 

 olent care from their masters ; yet we are sorry to say that this is not always, 



