14 DIVISION I. VERTEBRAL ANIMALS.—CLASS II. AVES. 
ORDER ZYGODACTYLI. CLIMBERS. 
Tue Zygodactyli of Lilljeborg correspond very generally with the Or- 
der Scansores of other authors. 
This group is divided, by the present arrangement, into eight families and 
nineteen sub-families, which are characterized as follows : — 
4YGODACTY LI: 
G VOrsitlGs. dccseccxecbeceessisetdancsdanaccaaxsanrsesraseeweas pbeaaaattesae S4. Coline, Bonap. 
*? not versatile « &, Musophagine, Swains. 
. Trogonins, Bonap. 
Gallulinwe, Bonap. 
» Bucconime, Bonap. 
. Capitonone, Bonap. 
. Kamphastine, Bonap. 
MusoruAGip#&. Hallux. 
TROGONIDA 
GALBULINNE 
Buccontpe. 
RAMPUASTIDE 
not in a nasal fossa or aperture, more or 
manillaries. Bill large and stout 
CUCULIDA. + in a nasal fossa or raat § 
Tarsus 
2as long as or longer than oute 
. Phanicophwine, G.Gray. 
long, straight, with n 
long, cuneate, rounded. § arched only at tip... 
Biaswasacesessava ces (short, with “upper man 
curved almost from base 
Bill short and stout... 
seas | and more or Jess covered 92. Saurotherine, Bonap. 
Cuculine, Bonap, 
Indicatoriney, Swains. 
Jungine, Bonap. 
Picmnie, Swains, 
Strigopine, Bonap, 
Microglossine, Bonap. 
moderated, emarginated, 
—_ +) foothore § Soft. With the tip rounded...++ 
Prom£. Tail feathe 1} rigid, with the tip more or less acu 
¢ 
| not longer than the inuer Sr by ani 
anterior toe without its 4 not surrounded by s 4 
nail, Byes.secsesseeee cial area, Tongue.. J ESS 
short, rounded 
OF CVEDe ee ee 9). Psittacdvue, Iliger. 
or less 
PSITTACID.E. 
and fleshy. 
Tarsus..... Tai 
. Arains, G. Gray. 
. Platycercine, Swains. 
longer than the inner anterior toe withont § short and strongly ineurved.. 
Pezoportue, Bonap. 
its nail, Claws..ccccssccccssccccccscces long and but little incurved.... 
Of course our limits will not permit a review of these sub-families in their 
habits and peculiarities, and we can direct our attention only to the leading 
groups. 
Famity Psirractpz. Parrots, Macaws, ParrakEETs, Lortgs. 
Mr. Vigors declares it as his opinion that the Pscttactde afford more 
difficulties to the inquirer into affinities than any other group in the known 
class ; he remarks that, in manners and general structure, as well as in the ° 
mode of using their feet and bill, the Parrots hold nearly an insulated situ- 
ation among birds, and that they may, perhaps, be pronounced to be the 
only group among them which is completely sed generis. Yet, because the 
Parrots and the Woodpeckers are climbers, par excellence, — differing, 
however, as he states, as to the mode in which they climb, — he associates 
them together, and considers the Barbets (Pogonias) to be the link of 
union between them. 
Mr. Swainson is of opinion that the Parrots constitute the sub-typical 
division of the Scansores, in which the powers of climbing are less devel- 
oped. “If,” says that writer, * any group in nature be isolated, it is this. 
Possessing in themselves the strongest characteristics, there is no bird yet 
discovered which presents any point of connection to them; approximations 
are certainly made by the Tooth-billed Barbets, but still there is a gap 
which no genus discovered is calculated to fill up.” In the Parrot tribe the 
