ORDER I. BONY FISITES. ACANTHOPTERYGIL (SPINY-FINS). 163 
galleries in the clayey soil, where it spends the greater part of the year, pro- 
tected against storms and enemies. In spring, it digs more superficial 
dwellings among the roots of the sea-grass, to which the spawn attaches 
itself. The architect watches over the entrance of the house, opposing sharp 
rows of teeth to every intruder. 
The sub-genus Goboides differs from Gobius only in having but one dorsal 
fin; Zenotdes has a more lengthened body, eyes very small and almost hid- 
den, and cirri on the lower jaw ; L/eotris has flexible spines in the first dorsal, 
ventral fins separate, and six gill-rays. The fishes of this group live in the 
mud, at the bottom of streams, in the warm countries ; Callionynaus has, in- 
stead of gill-openings, a single hole on each side of the nape, the ventrals 
are longer than the pectorals, and are placed under the throat, the head is 
oblong, and the eyes are directed upwards. These fishes are adorned with 
fine colors; Zrichonotes has wide gill-openings, a lengthened body, and a 
single dorsal, the first ten rays of which are extended in long threads ; 
Comephorus has an oblong muzzle, gills with seven rays, very long pec- 
torals, but no ventrals. This fish inhabits the Lake of Baikal, and is valued 
on account of its oil; Chérus has a somewhat long body, with small, cili- 
ated scales, and a dorsal fin extending along the entire back. This fish is 
found only in the Sea of Kamtschatka; Per‘opthalimus has the head scaly, 
eyes with a movable underlid, and the pectorals scaly for more than half 
their length, which gives the appearance of having wrists. As the gill- 
openings of these fishes are much smaller than those of the Gobies, they 
can live for a longer period out of water. Fleeing from their enemies, or 
pursuing their prey, they are often seen creeping or leaping along the muddy 
marshes of the Molucea Islands, which they inhabit. 
PectoraLes Pepuncunati. Thirteenth Family of the Order Acan- 
thopterygtt. 
The name given to this singular family signifies /Vshes with wrists to their 
pectoral fins. 
“There are some spinous fishes in which the carpal bones are so elongated 
as to form a sort of arm or wrist, to the extremity of which the pectoral fin 
is articulated. The family consists of genera closely allied to each other, 
though authors have sometimes placed them far apart in their arrangements ; 
and they are also related to the Gobies, particularly to Periopthalmus, al- 
ready noticed. This is a very peculiar structure of the fins, and gives these 
fishes a strange appearance, enabling them, in some instances, to leap sud- 
denly up in the water, and seize prey which they observe above them; and 
in others to leap over the mud, somewhat after the manner of frogs. 
“Lopuius. — Anglers. The distinguishing characteristic of these, besides 
