170 DIVISION I. VERTEBRAL ANIMALS.—CLASS IV. PISCES. 
villous membrane. They are easily known by the first spines of the dorsal, 
which extend in long, flexible threads. They are American fishes. 
Julis have the head entirely without scales, and the lateral line forming a 
curve near the end of the dorsal. There are some in the Mediterranean, 
but they are more numerous in the tropical seas. They are generally small, 
but beautiful fishes: some are violet, some bright scarlet, some rich green, 
and some marked with golden color; and those which have the caudal fin 
rounded, or truncated, have the first dorsal rays extended in long fila- 
ments. 
Ananipses have the characteristics of the last, with the exception of two flat 
teeth, which project from the mouth, and curve upwards. The two known 
species are from the Indian seas. 
Crentlabrus. — They have the true characteristics of Labrus, both ex- 
ternal and internal, and differ only in having the border of the pre-operculum 
toothed. Some species are found in the North Sea, — such as Lutjanus ru- 
prestis of Bloch, yellow, with clouded bands ranged vertically, and blackish ; 
L. Norvegicus, brownish, irregularly marked with deep brown ; L. melops, 
orange, spotted with blue, and a black spot behind the eye; LZ. exoletus, 
remarkable for five spines in the anal fin. The Mediterranean furnishes a 
number, most beautifully colored, the most splendid of which is L. /apina, 
silvery, with three broad longitudinal bands, composed of vermilion dots, 
with the pectorals yellow, and the ventrals blue. They are also abundant 
in the tropical seas; and many species, hitherto included in the genus La- 
brus, ought to be placed here. Several species of this sub-genus occur in 
the British seas, the chief of which are — Crentlaubrus tinca, the Gilt- 
head; C. corneticus, the Gold-sinny; C. gibbus, the Gibbous Wrasse ; 
and C. leustas, the Scale-rayed Wrasse; but they are all small fishes, .in 
little or no estimation. 
Coricus. — This sub-genus has all the characteristics of the last, in addi- 
tion to which the mouth is little less protractile than in the next. Only one 
stall species is known, which inhabits the Mediterranean. 
Lpibulus. — These fishes are remarkable for the extreme extension which 
they can give to their mouth by means of a see-saw motion of their maxil- 
laries, and the sliding forward of the intermaxillaries, which instantly forms 
a kind of tube. They make use of this artifice for seizing small fishes 
which pass near this curious instrument; and the same artifice is resorted 
to by the Corey, the Zez, and the Smares, according to the degree of pro- 
tractility of the mouth. The entire body and head of this sub-genus are 
| covered with large scales, the last track of which advances upon the anal 
and caudal fins, as in Chedlinus. The lateral line is similarly interrupted as 
in the latter; and, as in Lubrus, there are two long conical teeth in the 
