ORDER II. BIMANA. 365 
sian, Polish, Bohemian, and that of the Vandals. It is by this great and 
venerable branch of the Caucasian stock, that philosophy, the arts and 
sciences, have been carried to their present state of advancement; and it 
has continued to be the depository of them for thirty centuries. 
It was preceded in Europe by the Celts, whose tribes, once very numer- 
ous, came by the north, and are now confined to its most western extremi- 
ties; and by the Cantabrians, who passed from Africa into Spain, and have 
become confounded with the many nations whose posterity have mingled in 
the peninsula. 
The ancient Persians originate from the same source as the Indians; and 
their descendants still present a very close resemblance to the nations of 
Europe. 
The Scythian and Tartar branch, extending first, towards the north and 
north-east, and always wandering over the immense plains of those coun- 
tries, returned but to devastate the happier abodes of their more civilized 
brethren. The Seythians, who, at so remote a period, made irruptions into 
Upper Asia; the Parthians, who there destroyed the Greek and Roman 
domination ; the Turks, who there subverted that of the Arabs, and subju- 
gated in Europe the unfortunate remnant of the Grecian people, were all 
offsets from this branch. The Finlanders and Hungarians are tribes of the 
same division, which have strayed among the Selavonic and Teutonic 
nations. Their original country, to the north and eastward of the Caspian 
Sea, still contains inhabitants who have the same origin, and speak similar 
languages; but these are mingled with many other petty nations, variously 
descended, and of different languages. The Tartars remained unmixed 
longer than the others throughout that extent of country included between 
the mouth of the Danube to beyond the Irtisch, from which they so long 
menaced Russia, and where they have been finally subjugated by her. 
Tue Eastern or Moncortan Race (12. Scythicus, Bory). 
The Mongolian is known by its projecting cheek bones, flat visage, nar- 
row and oblique eyebrows, scanty beard, and olive complexion. Great 
empires have been established by this race in China, and Japan, and its con- 
quests have sometimes extended to this side of the Great Desert; but its 
civilization has always remained stationary. Its branches (the Calmucks 
and Kalkas), still wandering shepherds, traverse the Great Desert. Thrice 
did their ancestors, under Attila, Genghis, and Tamerlane, spread far the 
terror of their name. A third branch (the Mantchures) have recently con- 
quered and still govern China. The Japanese, Coreans, and nearly all the 
hordes which extend to the north-east of Siberia, subject to Russia, are also 
to be considered, in a great measure, as originating from this race and such 
NO. XX. a) 
