374 DIVISION I. VERTEBRAL ANIMALS.—CLASS I. MAMMALIA. 
and, in case of necessity, they retire into the mountains. The Indians of 
Chili are mostly independent. Their features are regular, and their com- 
plexions are not very dark. Their principal wealth consists in herds of 
oxen, horses, and guanacos. They pay little attention to agriculture, being 
nomadic in their habits. They worship the stars, and recognize a Great 
First Cause. Astronomy is not unknown to them. In Buenos Ayres, the 
mission of the Jesuits succeeded, in some degree, in civilizing the natives. 
The tribes of Brazil are numerous; many of them are entirely savage, and 
both sexes go naked. Their manners and habits are very similar to those 
of the North American tribes. They live by the chase, which, with war, is 
the only occupation of the men; the women are the laborers, beasts of bur- 
den, servants, &c., of these warlike tribes. Their mutual wars are very 
sanguinary, and many-of them are constantly at war with the Portuguese, 
while others have entered into friendly connections with them. Some of 
them have adopted fixed habitations, and practise a rude kind of agricul- 
ture; some of them make vases of clay, gather cotton, and make cloth. 
At the southern extremity of South America are the Patagonians, who have 
large, nervous frames, a dark complexion, a flat nose, high cheek bones, and 
a large mouth. The stories of their gigantic size have not been confirmed 
by the later voyagers. 
Tne Marays (//. Neptunianus, Bory). 
The vast regions south of the peninsula beyond the Ganges contain those 
peoples, which, according to Blumenbach, constitute the fourth type of 
Mankind, and to which is assigned the general designation of Malays. 
They are distributed over the coasts of all the islands of the Indian Archi- 
pelago. The innumerable small islands of the Southern Ocean are also 
peopled by a handsome race, who appear to hold a near relation to the In- 
dians, and whose language bas much affinity with the Malay; but in the 
interior of the larger islands, particularly in the milder portions of them, 
there exists another race of men, with black complexions and negro faces, 
all extremely barbarous, — which are named Alfourous ; and on the coasts 
of New Guinea and the neighboring islands is a kind of Negro nearly similar 
to those of the eastern coast of Africa. 
Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles gives this name to a people of Asia who 
have adopted the religion and language of the Arabians, and intermarried 
with them, so that they have become separated from their original stock, and 
form a distinct nation. In the thirteenth century we find the Malays on 
the Peninsula of Malacea, where they built a city of the same name, and 
founded an empire. Their sultans subdued Sumatra, where the nation seems 
to have dwelt previously to their settling in Malacca. They afterwards 
we 
