16 INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL ANTHROPOLOGY — PUBLICATION NO. 9 



tween the Post and Taunay or between the Post men working for the Post at 1-4 cruzeiros per clay, 

 and the neighboring ranches. One man had a or a total of 21,840 cruzeiros. The income from 

 horse and wagon while the other two had two- these two sources gives a total of 411,8'40. This in 

 wheeled oxcarts. Farm produce, building ma- turn would give eacli of the 200 families a cash 

 terials, and general merchandise make up the loads. income of approximately 2,059 cruzeiros per year. 

 In traveling short distances the Terena usually This is the nearest approach to family money in- 

 ride horses or walk; for long-distance travel they comes that could be made. This figure is some- 

 use the railroad. what below the estimate of between 2,000 and 3,000 



(4) Three men were found to be employed as cruzeiros made by the manager of the Post as it 

 carpenters in the village. These men were making does not include the sales of manioc meal and other 

 simple articles of furniture, such as tables and services performed by the Terena, but as the latter 

 benches, and making or repaii-ing yokes for oxen figure could not be calculated it was not consid- 

 and parts for sugarcane presses. ered. It is true, of course, that many families 



(5) Two men, altliough living at the Post, were would be below and many above 2,059 cruzeiros a 

 employed as masons in Taunay. Sometimes these year. Yet from general observation there are no 

 men worked for the Post and sometimes on special marked difl'erences in the standard of living of the 

 jobs in the neighboring towns. They claimed they Terena living at the Post. The cash figure of 

 received 40 cruzeiros per day. 2,059 cruzeiros, which is equal to a little over $100 



(0) Two men were making their living as com- (U. S.), has little meaning unless it can be ex- 



mercial farmers, producing and selling manioc pressed in terms of goods which this money can 



meal, raw sugar, milk, and meat. Some of this buy. 



produce was sold in the village either to the stores it must be remembered that the Terena produce 



or directly to the Indians. In addition, some ^i^^ g^aple food products themselves while living 



produce, particularly manioc meal, was sold to ^t the Post and also while working on the fazendas. 



ranches nearby. „,, ^ , • ^ j? ■ ,. ^ ^ 



,„, ^ • . , , , . Ihese staples consist of manioc, sweetpotatoes, 



(() Une man was found employed m maknig , • i ^^i *. ui^^ A/t „ ;» 



1 . . , 1 1 , T . ■ beans, maize, and other vegetables. Money is 



and repairing shoes and sandals and repairing . ., „ , ., • j i j j i 



saddles and harness. Most of his work wis sup^ «Pent Pnmarily for clothing and such foods and 



plied by the demands of the village, but mission- li^u^^l^old sterns that cannot be produced in the 



aries, also, at times used his services. ^il^'^S^ O'" »" ^he fazenda. A budget for a family 



(8) One old man was found making a living by "^ ^^^ was worked out which gives the following 



weaving baskets, fans, and hats from palm fiber. items of expenditure : 



For his fans, which are widely used by Indians , ,. ^ ,,,-,,,, ^ •* ^ ., . -.^ 



1 T> -I- 11 .. : . . , Annual budget for fainily of huslxnid, imfe, and 3 children 

 and Brazilians alike for maintaining charcoal 



kitchen fires, he receives 5 cruzeiros apiece from Man's clothing for year: Cr.S 



the storekeepers in Taunay. ^ suit— .5 m. of cloth at Cr. $15 plus Cr. $15 



,n\ Tn • 1 r ; 1 n-i •■ T-. for tailoring 90,00 



(9) The remainder ot the Terena at the Post 3 ^,,,,_. ^,_ p„ shirt at Cr. $9 plus but- 



were making their living by subsistence agricul- tons 85,00 



ture at this time. l pair of pants 45,00 



Only very general conclusions could be made l pair of shoes 120,00 



r.,-,n,in..,i;,if, fU^ .,,^„„,, • J? i-i rr. T • ExtrBS (straw hats, socks, handkerchiefs, 



concei nmg the money income of the Terena living u, , . ^a nn 



_ , *^ . » razor blades) 50,00 



at iJaiianal. It approximately 100 men are receiv- 



ing money income in the form of wages from Total 390,00 



sources outside the village the year round, this ^^^^^^^^ 



sum would constitute the major portion of the "^"T!^'' ''"''''''^^'''J^^'-- 



. J I 3 dresses at Cr. $76 228,00 



cash available for cash expenditures. Allowing Underclothing— 8 m. at Cr. $9,00 72,00 



15 cruzeiros per day (the going wage on ranches) l pair of sandals 15,00 



and a 5-day week, this would give the village a ^''^'"^^ (combs, face powder, etc.) 50.00 



total of 390,000 cruzeiros per amium. To this rp^jj^, 3^55 qq 



would have to be added the money income of six . 



