THE TERENA AND THE CADUVEO OF SOUTHERN MATO GROSSO, BRAZIL OBERG 



19 



one room there is a bed and hammocks, and the 

 other room is set up with shelves and a counter. 

 His goods are on the shelves or on the floor behind 

 the counter. He has a beam scale suspended from 

 the ceiling. 



Domingos and his family cultivate a large field 

 outside the village, growing manioc and sugar- 

 cane. He produces manioc meal and raw sugar, 

 which he sells in his store. In Taunay he buys 

 rice, mate tea, beans, salt, kerosene, matches, ciga- 

 rettes, soap, white sugar, and candy, which he sells 

 to the Indians. 



Domingos learned to read and write and to do 

 simi^le arithmetic in the mission school. Until 15, 

 he worked with his father on his little farm. Later 

 he went periodically to work on the neighboring 

 fazendas. In 1932 he began selling meat and other 

 goods, but when his wife died he abandoned the 

 store for some years and worked away from the 

 village. 



Antonio Aurelio was born in Bananal about 65 

 years ago. He is married and has six grown 

 children. Aurelio, his wife, and four of his chil- 

 dren live in a five-room, painted adobe house with 

 a tile roof. The furniture consists of home-made 

 tables, chairs, and benches, and a bed for Aurelio 

 and his wife. The children sleep in hammocks. 

 In his front room Aurelio has an old typewriter 

 and on a shelf two old cameras, which he takes 

 great pride in being able to use. 



Aurelio owns two horses, a cow, a calf, a dog, 

 10 chickens, and 4 turtles. Outside the village he 

 cultivates five lots, growing principally manioc. 

 His daughters make manioc meal, which he sells 

 to the Indians. Aurelio himself transports goods 

 and people between the railroad station at Taunay 

 and the Post. He charges 10 to 20 cruzeiros for a 

 trip to the station, some 4 km. away. 



Aui'elio learned reading, writing, and arithme- 

 tic from a Brazilian while he was working away 

 from Bananal. He later studied with a Protestant 

 missionary. He now reads the Bible in Portu- 

 guese, Spanish, and Guarani. He understands a 

 little English. He reads newspapers and is the 

 scribe of the village. He has traveled widely, first 

 as a cattle driver and later when he gave evidence 

 about Indian affairs in Rio de Janeiro. 



BASKET MAKER 



Jose Gardini (native name Kohiloo) is about 80 

 years of age. His father, June, came from the 

 Chaco. He cannot read or write and speaks Por- 

 tuguese poorly. His wife left him long ago and 

 he now lives with his six children, who help him 

 cultivate his little farm. 



His one-room house is made of upright stakes 

 covered with palm fronds, which also cover the 

 roof. There are only one large bench and a rough 

 platform that serves for a bed. Heaped in a corner 

 are some clay pots, old baskets, fans, and piles of 

 material for weaving. 



On his land Gardini plants manioc, maize, beans, 

 and pumpkins, and around his house he has a few 

 orange and mango trees. He also owns a mare and 

 a dog. 



Gardini came to Bananal when he was 12 years 

 of age, having to tlee with his father from the 

 Terena village of Cachoeirinha when a Brazilian 

 farmer attacked the Indians there. Since coming 

 to Bananal he has never left the village. Today 

 he lives on the lot which belonged to his father. 

 Twice a week he works in his fields; the rest of the 

 time he makes fans, which he sells for 5 cruzeiros 

 apiece. He can make two fans a day if he can 

 sell them. Sometimes he gets a large order from 

 Taunay. 



STOCKKEEPER 



Jose da Silva is about 50 years of age. His 

 native name is Malahite (bald). His father was 

 born in Ipegue and his mother in Cachoeirinha. 

 He is married and has two sons and two daughters. 



He and his family, together with a grandchild 

 and two orphan boys, live in a two-room stake- 

 walled house. There are a table, some benches, 

 and a bed in the house. Sometimes one or two 

 Indian boys help Jose and during the time live 

 with him. 



He has land outside the village on which he 

 grows manioc, bananas, and sugarcane. He owns 

 about 50 head of stock — 10 horses, the rest cows, 

 bulls, and calves. He also has a number of chick- 

 ens, four dogs, and a few turtles. He sells some 

 milk to the Indians, makes cheese, and also sells 

 meat now and then to his neighbors. 



As a young man, Jose worked on Brazilian 

 farms where he learned to take care of livestock. 

 He came to Bananal in 1924 and brought a few 



