8 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. I45 



what narrower, with the outer one swung more toward the center 

 line, so that support for the toes is narrower. Also the facet for the 

 articulation of the hind toe is of lesser size, and on the anterior face 

 the excavation below the head is smaller, with the tubercle for the 

 tibialis anticus shorter and less prominent. 



This species definitely represents a boreal element in the fauna, as 

 in its modern distribution it is widely spread through the Canadian 

 zone forests from Alaska across Canada, south in the eastern half 

 of the United States only to northern Wisconsin, northern New 

 York, northern \'ermont, northern New Hampshire, and Maine. The 

 present record is the first report south of these limits, as well as the 

 first from ancient time. 

 Bonasa umhcllus (Linnaeus) : Ruffed Grouse. 



Three or more individuals : Two premaxillae ; proximal end of 

 two left humeri, and shaft and distal end of another ; a left ulna; one 

 left coracoid, and the proximal end of another; one right carpometa- 

 carpus, and two others nearly complete ; distal half of a left tarsomet- 

 atarsus. The carpometacarpus is heavier than that of Canachites 

 canadensis, especially in the shaft of metacarpal III, and the inter- 

 metacarpal tuberosity is larger. 



The ruffed grouse, common today in western Virginia, is known 

 from deposits of Pleistocene age in California, Tennessee, Maryland, 

 Pennsylvania, and Florida. 

 Pedioecetes phasianellus (Linnaeus) : Sharp-tailed Grouse. 



Four or more individuals : One partial premaxilla ; a fragment 

 from the anterior end of a sternum ; one right coracoid, somewhat 

 worn, head of another from the left side; heads of three left and 

 one right humeri, with distal ends of two from the left side, and one 

 from the right ; one right carpometacarpus with the shaft of meta- 

 carpal III missing; and a fragment of the distal end of a right 

 tarsometatarsus. The head of the left humerus is distinctly larger 

 than any of the three from the right-hand side, so that it is certain 

 that it came from a fourth individual. 



In modern time the sharp-tailed grouse has been a species of the 

 north and west, with a range that extends from north-central Alaska 

 across to central Quebec, south to eastern Oregon, in the mountains to 

 northern New Mexico, and east to Nebraska, Minnesota, and northern 

 Michigan. Formerly it ranged a little farther south to northeastern 

 California, western Kansas, and northern Illinois, areas from which 

 it has disappeared with agricultural use of the land, and increase in 

 hunting. The only previous report of the species east of this modern 



