THE QUADRATE BONE IN BIRDS. 15 
III.— CHARADRIOMORPHA. 
We have only examined a single Charadriomorph quadrate, that of the Bar- 
tailed Godwit. The two capitula are not deeply cleft asunder ; there is an indication 
Fig. 27. Limosa RUrA. 
of an accessory head. The anterior process is long, broad, compressed, and set on at 
a very obtuse angle to the shaft. The quadrato-jugal cup is distinct but small. 
The pterygoid process is very well marked. In the mandibular articular surface 
the anterior condyle is bevelled off on its external aspect, without exactly forming 
an accessory trochlea. 
The quadrate bears out the received affinity of the Charadriomorphe to the 
Cecomorphe and the Geranomorphe. Its resemblance to the Gull’s has been 
already noted, and is shown particularly in the imperfect separation of the capitula, 
and in the great size of the pterygoid process. It is more like the Crane’s than 
either of our other types of Geranomorphe. 
LV.—GERANOMORPHA. 
Of the members of this Huxleyan group, we have studied the Crane, the 
Bustard, and the Water Rail. 
The quadrates of all these forms are comparatively alike, and on the whole 
support the naturalness of the group. 
Fig. 28. GRUS CINEREA. 
In all the capitula are distinctly separate : the anterior process is large, broad, 
and upcurved : the pterygoid condyle is on a prominent eminence: the quadrato- 
