4 ON THE SYSTEMATIC POSITION OF ZEUGLODON. 
Otaria and the Bears: while in the Cetacea the condyles are large, flat, closely 
approximated to one another, and are situated as much or more below than at the 
sides of the foramen magnum. 
In the view of the palatal region given by Mttumr (PI. IV. 2), one may detect 
the pterygoid, represented as a short, blunt, hooked, process, as in, for instance, the 
Carnivores, and totally different from the flattened plate in the Cetacea, which has 
always seemed to me one of the most important and archaic features in the skull of 
that order. Even so minute a point as the cochlea seems to help us, for JOHANNES 
Mitier has shown that it possesses in Zeuglodon two and a-half turns, one more 
than in Cetacea. 
On the lower jaw much argument has rested, and many naturalists have found 
Cetacean resemblances in its narrow elongated form, its small or deficient coronoid 
and angular processes, and its large alveolar foramen. But even if all this be true, 
the figure, such as that which I copy from Kocu’s memoir,” shows, surely, that the 
Fig. 3. Lowmr Jaw or ZEuGLopon. (After Kocu.) 
jaw though narrow is not nearly so narrow and straight as in a Dolphin, that the 
coronoid process is far too high, and that the foramen alveolare, though large, is 
nothing like the gigantic cavity which represents it in the Dolphins. And noting 
that it is the angular process which is here deficient, it is to the Seals that we must 
again turn for a parallel case. In the common P. witulina, still better perhaps in 
Macrorhinus, we find a jaw which, in the absence of an angular process and even in 
the form of the coronoid, recalls the jaw of Zeuglodon, if we only suppose the latter 
to be shortened down a little. In fact, the Dolphin has a rudimentary coronoid 
and a fairly well-marked angular process, while in Zeuglodon and in the Seals the 
case is Just the reverse. 
The two mandibles are united by synostosis, according to MULLER, and therein 
lies another difference from the Cetacea. 
The cervical vertebree are distinct and unanchylosed, for which reason Huxteyt 
and Frower, holding the Cetacean theory, have sought to find a special approxima- 
tion to Inia and Platanista, in which the neck vertebre are in the same condition. 
* Dr A. Kocu. Das Skelet des Z. Macrospondylus. Versamil. Fr. Wiss. Wien, 1850. 
+ “The cervical vertebre are distinct and unanchylosed, nearly resembling those of the Rhynchoceti.” 
—Hoxtiny, Vertebrates, p. 349. 
