10 Prof. F. Schmitz on the 
comes converted into the female sexual cell by allowing a _ 
diverticulum to issue from its apex, which elongates into a 
longer or shorter hair-like or clavate process, the trachogyne, 
which has sometimes one or more spiral contortions (figs. 17, 
23) or is bulbously dilated (fig. 33) at the base. ‘This temale 
cell may be here described as the carpogonium * (by analogy » 
with the oogonium of the Chlorophycez). 
At the period of fertilizable maturity the carpogonium con- 
tains, in its usually ovate ventral portion, a very abundant 
protoplasm with a large distinct cell-nucleus, Sometimes 
also well-developed more or less intensely coloured chromato- 
phores are contained in this protoplasm (Nemalion, Helmin- 
thocladia, Batrachospermum); but in other cases the proto- 
plasm of the carpogonium is perfectly hyaline. The tricho- 
gyne into which this bellied part of the carpogonium is 
continued by means of a short neck-like constriction, is filled 
with colourless protoplasm, which is usually free from 
vacuoles in the apex itself, but pervaded by more or less 
numerous vacuoles in other parts, and also contains some 
larger or smaller shining granules of variable number and 
distribution (fig. 8), which behave towards staining agents like 
the chromatine granules of the cell-nucleus. 
At this time the cells of the carpogonial branch (@. e. of that 
branch the apical cell of which becomes converted into the 
carpogonium) present a very different development in the 
different genera and species. In many instances (Batracho- 
spermum, Lemanea sp., Naccaria, Chondria, &c.) they are 
furnished with more or less numerous lateral branches, while 
in other cases they are unbranched. Sometimes the whole of 
these cells are somewhat enlarged, and filled with more or less 
numerous plasma-masses ; in other cases only certain joint- 
cells of the carpogonial branch are enlarged and abundantly 
furnished with contents (Calosiphonia) ; but the uppermost of 
these joint-cells, the hypogynal cell, is particularly often 
distinguished from the other cells by its stronger develop- 
ment (Gleosiphonia, figs. 8-10, Scinata, Kc.). 
These fertilizably mature carpogonia then in most cases 
extend the apex of their trichogyne beyond the surface of the 
thallus and into the surrounding water. In certain cases, 
* The terminology of the organs of fructification of the Floridez is at 
present rather uncertain, The expressions “carpogonium,” “ procar- 
pium,” “carpogenous cell,” “ trichogyne,” “trichophore,” “ fructifying 
tube,” &c. are used by different authors in very different ways. I have 
therefore found myself for my present purpose compelled to settle this 
terminology, which, moreover, frequently was not suited to modern con- 
ceptions, quite independently, although still, as far as possible, employing 
previously established terms. 
