Fertilization of the Florides. 19 
as a closed cell-body by a common dense and tenacious gela- 
tinous envelope (Cruoria, Polyides, Dudresnaya, Dumontia, 
Gleosiphonia, Calosiphonia). The individual sections of this 
tuft of filaments reach maturity sometimes simultaneously, 
sometimes at different times; but all the filaments of these 
sections develop their superior cells, or even almost the whole 
of their individual cells, into spores, which, in the latter 
case, directly envelop the central cell, which alone remains 
sterile (Dumontia), but in the former case are separated from 
this central cell by a more or less abundant mass of sterile 
cells, the so-called placenta of systematic authors (Glwosipho- 
nia, Dudresnaya). 
Here, then, the conjugation of an ooblastema-cell with an 
auxiliary cell leads finally to the development of a complex 
of spores, which, as an independently individualized cell-body, 
is sometimes surrounded with a special envelope by the sur- 
rounding thallus-tissue, sometimes enclosed in the thallus- 
tissue without any such envelope. Such a cell-body shows 
exactly the habit of a distinct independent spore-fruit, and is 
accordingly regarded as a distinct independent cystocarp. 
But, in accordance with what has been stated, the origin of 
such a cystocarp is quite different from that of the individual 
cystocarp of the Helminthocladiesw and Gelidiee. In the 
latter the fertilized ovicell develops into an individual spore- 
fruit (cystocarp), as in the Mosses; but in the present case 
the ovicell grows into a branched system of offshoots, which 
develops numerous individual cystocarps on its branches, 
analogous to the numerous spore-fruits of the branched ferns. 
These individual cystocarps in the Squamariee frequently 
come so near together that they can hardly be distinguished 
from each other as independent fruit-bodies. ‘Thus in Cruri- 
opsis cructata, Duf., numerous cystocarpia, in the form of short 
chains of spores, which are generally interrupted in the middle 
by the sterile central cell, lie close together among the erect 
filaments of the thallus. “In Peyssonelva the individual closely 
approximated cystocarps form tufts of branched filaments, the 
branches of which arrange themselves among the erect parallel 
filaments of the nemathecia, and develop into separate chains 
of spores; so that here also, at the commencement of the 
maturity of the spores, numerous chains of spores are lodged 
close to each other among the erect sterile fibres. These 
chains of spores consequently appear as the essential, inde- 
pendently individualized fruit-bodies, just as in Cruortopsis, 
and accordingly, just as in Cruortopsis, they have been de- 
scribed as the true cystocarps, and distinguished, under the 
name of cystidia, as a special form of cystocarpia. “ 
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