22 Prof. F. Schmitz on the 
This is really the case in a very great number of Floridex, 
nay, I believe I may assert that in the majority of the Flori- 
dew in general (in the numerous families of the Ceramiez, 
Wrangelies, and Rhodomelez, the Chylocladieex, Rhodyme- 
niew, and Spherococcee, and lastly, the Gigartinez) the 
further development of the fertilized ovicell is effected in this 
manner. 
A short, frequently three- or four-celled carpogonial branch 
is attached laterally to a thallus-fibre, and is at the same time 
curved in such a manner that the carpogonial cell is directly 
applied against the neighbouring auxiliary cell, or, at least, 
can conveniently reach it by means of a short lateral process. 
Not unfrequently, also, the direct contact of these two cells is 
brought about by the auxiliary cell itself extending towards 
and closely applying to the carpogonial cell a lateral diverti- 
culum or conjugation-process (figs. 31, 35, 38). In other 
respects, however, the position of the carpogonial branch and 
the auxiliary cell in the tissue of the thallus may be very 
variable. 
1. These organs are most easily observed in many Cera- 
mie and Wrangeliee. 
Thus in Pterothamnion plumula, Nag. (fig. 35), for example, 
one of the terminated (begrenzte) lateral branches of the thallus 
bears, inserted at one side of its basal cell, a four-celled, short- 
jointed carpogonial branch, which bends its apex towards the 
upper surface of the branch, while, on the opposite side of this 
basal cell, a unicellular branch develops into the auxiliary cell, 
which also curves its apex towards the upper surface of the whole 
branch of the thallus, and thus comes into direct contact with 
the carpogonial cell. In other cases a shorter or longer 
terminated cell-filament bears near the apex on a joint-cell a 
short (usually three- or four-celled) carpogonial branch, while 
from the same joint-cell several other, one- or more-celled 
lateral branchlets issue (fig. 34). Sometimes this joint-cell 
itself becomes the auxiliary cell (Lejolisia mediterranea, Born., 
according to Bornet) ; in other cases one of the unicellular 
lateral branchlets which issue, besides the carpogonial branch, 
from the joint-cell develops its cell into the auxiliary cell 
(Ptilothamnion pluma, Thur., and Spondylothamnion multifi- 
dum, Niig., according to Bornet) ; or an auxiliary cell origi- 
nates on each side from the unicellular lateral branchlets 
(Spermothamnion, certain species of Callithamnion, fig. 34). 
In many species of Callithamnion the cell-filament which 
bears the carpogonial branch and the two auxiliary cells 
on one of its joint-cells is not terminated, but grows on at the 
apex without alteration fora longer or shorter time (C. corym- 
