228 Miscellaneous. 
the means of commencing the publication of the results. Finally I 
intend to place before the public in a special exhibition, which will 
take place at the Museum about the end of the month, the collec- 
tions gathered during the expeditions of the ‘Travailleur’ and the 
‘Talisman.’—Comptes Rendus, December 17, 1883, p. 389. 
New Aphidological Discoveries. By M. Licurensrer. 
Thanks to the assistance of several foreign entomologists, among 
whom M. Howath of Budapest and M. Kessler of Cassel occupy 
the first place, I have been able to ascertain absolutely the fact of 
the migration of the Aphides of the elm to the roots of grasses, and 
their return to the trunks of the trees in autumn. 
Tetraneura ulmi of authors, the commonest of the Aphides of the 
elm, upon the leaves of which it forms little smooth, green galls the 
size of a large pea or a hazel-nut, lives, during its subterranean 
budding phase, on the roots of maize in Austria and Hungary, and 
here on the roots of the dog’s-tooth grass (Cynodon dactylon). Pas- 
serini and many others had made of this subterranean Aphis a dis- 
tinct species under the name of Pemphigus Boyeri, Pass.,=radicum, 
Boyer, = Zee maidis, Low & Duf., &c. &c. As there are very pro- 
bably many species which live upon the roots of plants in summer 
(in my own opinion nearly all the gallicolous species have their 
corresponding subterranean form), the characters of these insects 
vary much according to authors; but the Tetrancura ulmi seems to 
me to be very well characterized and easily recognized by the fifth 
joint of the antenne being as long as the third. 
I have conveyed winged insects taken from the roots of the dog’s- 
tooth grass upon a strip of brown paper, fixed round a young smooth- 
barked elm, with the view of giving them an artificial shelter be- 
tween the paper and the bark. They did not attempt to fly away ; 
on the contrary, they set to work at once to deposit sexual pupe, 
which soon opened and furnished males and females, destitute of 
rostra, as in most Pemphigine. What is more, the next day all 
the winged Aphides of the roots in the neighbourhood seemed to 
have appointed to meet on my strip of paper, which swarmed with 
insects, drawn together probably by the inexplicable instinct of the 
lowest forms of animals. : 
At the same time I was able to ascertain the arrival upon the 
same tree of a second species, Tetraneura rubra, Licht., which 
forms small red, curled, and villous galls upon the leaves. After 
pulling up some hundreds of different plants I also found the sub- 
terranean habitat of this species; it is the Panicum sanguinale. In 
this species the apterous form is reddish, while it is quite white in 
Tetraneura ulmi. The winged forms have the fifth joint of the 
antenn shorter than the third. 
I still (10th December) find wingless Aphides alive upon the 
roots, which would prove that, as in the Phyllowera, side by side 
with the winged pupiferous form which gives origin to the sexual re- 
producers, there is, parallel with this reproduction, an uninterrupted 
sequence of subterranean agamic reproduction, so that, should any 
