424 Miscellaneous. 
On some new and imperfectly-known Exotic Simple Ascidia. 
By Dr. R. von Drascur, 
The author has submitted the exotic simple Ascidians of the Zoolo- 
gical Museum of Vienna to a revision, the results of which are as 
follows:—Of the eighteen species described by him ten are new. 
Of the others some have been very imperfectly described, or at least 
there was room for remarks and observations tending to complete 
our knowledge of them. Of the new species the following appear 
to be particularly interesting on account of their remarkably formed 
hypophysial tubercles — Microcosmus Herdmanii and Cynthia 
Roretzii. In both tne tubercle consists of two cones inclined to- 
wards each other at an obtuse angle, upon which the ciliated 
groove is spirally twisted. In Oynthia Roretzir the ciliated canal 
bears teeth, which fit into opposite spaces. A similar tubercle is 
figured in Cynthia preputialis, Heller. A transition from the 
usual arrangement of the ciliated canals of the tubercles in the same 
plane towards that above described is shown by Polycarpa rugosa, 
sp. un. The tubercle of Polycarpa sulcata, Herdm., has a remarkable 
form ; in it there occur numerous crateriform apertures of the hypo- 
physial canal, reminding one of similar conditious in Ascidia mamil- 
lata. In Chelyosoma productum, Stimpson, a species remarkable 
for the abundance of its musculature, all the peculiarities of the 
hypophysial organ described by Julin were again met with. 
The new species Microcosmus Julinii and Cynthia mauritiana 
are distinguished by spicules both in the test and the mantle. The 
latter species is closely allied to Cynthia pallida, Herdm. - Cynthia 
sacciformis, sp. n., contains peculiar spicules, resembling those of 
Culeolus, Herdm. Spicules were also detected in Boltenia pachy- 
dermatica, Herdm. 
A new Cynthia (C. mirabilis) is particularly interesting. Its 
branchial and cloacal apertures are placed at the opposite ends of 
the ovate body. The remarkable distribution of the musculature 
aud the peculiar position of the digestive and generative organs 
caused by the abnormal position of the apertures seem to the author 
to furnish characters which, in the event of the discovery of other 
similar species, may justify the establishment of a new genus. 
Cynthia nodulosa, sp. n., is distinguished by an enormous annular 
muscle situated at the base of the siphons, as also by the spinosity 
of the ring-membrane. Cynthia castaneiformis, sp. n., which in 
external aspect resembles C. echinata, is remarkable for a branchial 
sac, the inner longitudinal vessels of which only embrace between 
them three large circular stigmata. Corella novare, sp. n., very 
closely approaches C. ewmyota, Traustedt, from which species it is 
distinguished by its differently formed hypophysial tubercle and the 
great number of tentacles—Anzeiger der k. k. Akad. der Wiss. in 
Wien, March 20, 1884, pp. 66, 67. 
