THE ANNALS 
AND 
MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY. 
[FIFTH SERIES.] 
No. 78. JUNE 1884. 
XLVIII.—On the Origin of the Fauna and Flora of New 
Zealand. By Captain F. W. Hutton *. 
I. THe AUSTRALIAN AND SouTH-AMERICAN ELEMENTS. 
Eleven years have elapsed since I read a paper to the 
Wellington Philosophical Society on the ‘ Geographical 
Relations of the New-Zealand Fauna” t. During that time 
the data on which the discussion of this question rests have 
very much increased, and the literature of the subject has 
been enriched by the valuable works of Mr. A. R. Wallace 
on the distribution of animals, works which embody the 
results of much patient research and acute reasoning. Under 
these circumstances I wish, in this address, to return to my 
theme once more. I wish to explain how far I now think my 
own ideas of 1872 to be erroneous; how far I am able to 
agree with Mr. Wallace in his view of the origin of our fauna 
and flora, published in 1880 in ‘ Island Life ;’ and how far, 
* Presidential Address to the Philosophical Institute of Canterbury, 
Ist November, 1885. Reprinted from a separate impression from the 
‘New Zealand Journal of Science’ for January 1884. Communicated by 
the Author. 
+ Trans. N. Z, Inst. vol. v, (1872), p. 227; and Ann. & Mag. Nat, 
Hist. ser. 4, vol. xii. p. 25. 
Ann, & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 5. Vol. xiii. 28 
