18 The Botanical Gazette. [January, 
strychnos, etc., by first treating oily seeds with ether. Cot- 
ton fibers and lignified tissues also yield crystals. An- 
other interesting result is the obtaining of crystals from the 
test of an ascidian, Phallusia mamillata, this being confirma- 
tory of the work of Winterstein who found that tunicine or 
animal cellulose gave dextrose as a derivative sugar just as 
vegetable cellulose does, and thus seeming to show that ani- 
mal and vegetable cellulose are one and the same chemically. 
From the results of his work on the plants, the following 
conclusions are drawn: 
1. All that portion of the cell wall that is colored blue by 
chlorozinc-iodide, and that only, goes to make up the crystals. 
2. The crystals are of pure cellulose. | 
3. All the cell walls contain cellulose, but while the inter- 
nal layer consists almost entirely of it, the intermediate has 
only a small proportion, and the intercellular layer only 4 
trace. These three layers were distinguished in sections 
treated by the method of Mangin, and those stained with 
methylene blue. 
4. That the cellulose is found crystallized within the cell 
shows that its solution in Schweizer’s fluid is not very diffus- 
ible, and also gives additional proof that it is derived from 
the inner layer of the cell-wall. 
In the strictly chemical portion of his work, Gilson pre- 
pared convenient quantities of cellulose for working with by 
scraping to a pulp the stalk of cabbage or root of the beet, 
and proved by putting sections through the same treatment 
that he had a substance identical with the crystals found 
within the cells as described above. In fact he got from the 
pulp a mass of spherocrystals of the same kind formed in 
the cells. 
By the method of Flechsig he finds that when all operations 
are carried on with extreme care, dextrose only (in the form 
of the silver salt of the derived saccharic acid) is obtained 
from cellulose, showing thus that cellulose is a definite chem- 
ical individual. 
By using the method of Schultze he got from Coffea arabica 
a body corresponding to the mannosocelluloseof Schultze. BY 
precipitation from a solution of this with CO, he gets char- 
acteristic cellulose, and finds another carbohydrate is still left’ 
in solution. This second body gives not dextrose but mat- 
nose as a derived sugar. Mannosocellulose is then only 4 
