1895. ] Flowers and Insects. 143 
style is very short. Self-pollination may be effected by in- 
sect aid or may occur spontaneously by the pollen falling in 
the tube. The frequent visits of insects, however, render 
cross-pollination inevitable. 
The principal visitors are butterflies; but, as commonly oc- 
curs with such flowers, long-tongued bees and flies also seek 
the nectar. The shorter tubes render the nectar more con- 
venient to these insects than in the case of P. glaberrima. 
The plant blooms from May 3d to June 29th. May 8th, 16th, 
17th, 31st, and June 5th, the subjoined list was observed, all 
the insects sucking:— 
Lepidoptera—Rhopalocera: (1) Phyciodes tharos Dru.; (2) Pyra- 
meis huntera F.; (3) Chrysophanus thoe B.-L.; (4) Colias philodice 
Gdt.; (5) Papilio asierins F.; (6) Pamphila peckius Kby.; Heterocera: 
(7) Plusia simplex 
iymenoptera— pide: (8) Bombus separatus Cr.¢; (9) B. pennsyl- 
Saya DeG. ¢; (10) B. americanorum F.¢; (1 1) Synhalonia speciosa 
a oil aa (12) Bombylius atriceps Lw. 
PHLOX DIVARICATA L.—This is the earliest Ph/ox in my 
neighborhood, blooming from April roth to June 2d. I have 
given a list (14) of eleven species of Lepidoptera and four spe- 
cies of long-tongued bees taken on the flowers. To that list 
must be added the following:— 
Lepidoptera—Rhopalocera: (16) Papilio thoas L.; (17) Eudamus 
tityrus F.; Hezerocera : (18) Plusia simplex Gn.—all sucking. 
n the pollination of Phlox s 
a) Sprengel, entdeckte Geheimniss, Je 793. P. paniculata, 
proterandry, butterfly-fl._—_(2) Darwin, Form * Flowers 119-21, 287. 
1877. P. su clei doubtfal heterostyly. od) Bonnier, — Nectaires 
118, 168. 1879. P. Drummonaii .—(4) Bonnier et Flahault, Observ. 
tions sur les modifications des végétaux suivant les ewe ake: 
siques du milieu. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VI. 8:—1879. P. Drummondi1, 
brilliancy of color changing with geographical distbation: —(5) Fla- 
hault, Nouvelles observations sur les modifications des végétaux en 
en der Pflanzen. Ina aug. Dessertation. Freiburg-i-B. eee P. seta- 
cea.—{7) Miiller, Fertilization of flowers 407. 1883. /P. | Seppe 
ref. (1), Ge tents 8) Walker, Insects and Flowers. Nature 28: 38 
1053. 2. sp.—{9) Loew, Beobachtungen iiber den Blumenbesuc von 
Insekten ” an Freilandpflanzen des Botanischen Gartens zu Berli 
Jahrb. bot. nariety peckee 3: (1 reptans, subulata, 
visits of Apis.—(10 Loew, Weitere Beobachtungen, etc. ibid. 4: 153, 
1886. P, subtea tea visit of Echinomyia.—(11) MacLeod, Untersuch- 
