280 The Botanical Gazette. {June, 
on account of preoccupation; Buckley’s Q. Durandii becomes Q. dre- 
vtlobata, Torrey’s original varietal name being taken up; Q. Muehlen- 
bergit Engelm. becomes Q. acuminata, a varietal name given by 
Michaux; Q. z/icifolia is replaced by Q. mana, the original varietal name 
of Marshall; and Chapman’s Q. obtusifolia parvifolia becomes Q. Chap- 
d 
SUMMER CouRSEs in biology are offered by the University of Penn- 
sylvania, under the direction of Dr. ilson, commencing July 
1st and closing on the 26th. The botanical instruction will consist of 
1 
to Political Economy”). Thirty hours of laboratory practice in biol- 
_be given and five lectures by Mrs. Wilson on biology from the 
standpoint of teachers in the elementary schools. 
LasT SUMMER those interested in the Marine Biological Laboratory 
at Woods Hole, Mass., instituted a movement to raise an adequate 
to contribute. Money in any sums may be sent to Dr. C 
man, Woods Hole, Mass. 
liquid or gaseous form by osmosis (diffusion).” The interesting spec- 
ulation is offered “that the absorption of solid particles of food is to 
by absorption, and the evolution of the plant world has been domi- 
nated by the tendency to increase the external surfaces, to m 
leaves and roots. The animal, on the contrary, has to obtain at least 
the solid part of its food by its own active exertions, and to the effects, 
through natural selection, of the active struggle to secure f we 
may safely attribute a large part of the evoluti n of locomotor, nerv- 
sensory systems of animals.” Of course the correctness of 
the definition depends upon the definition ot “food” in the two cases- 
