1895.] Current Literature. 377 
proaches more nearly the total number of the species in each group. 
This seems to indicate long blooming seasons, for it is not often that 
these numbers approximate except when the seasons are long, so as to 
bring most of the species under the maximum point. Long seasons, 
on the other hand, may indicate that the natural conditions of com- 
petition have been disturbed and that the plants are assuming the 
habits of introduced plants. As a rule, modification of the flowering 
season must result inevitably in an alteration in the character of the 
insect visits. 
The seasonal development of the insect groups resembles what I 
have observed for Illinois. The lower Hy ptera (allotropic) h 
their maximum in June, while my observations indicate a maximum 
in July, and it may prove to be even later. The Aemsttrope Diptera 
agree in showing a late maximum, but in Illinois the Syrphidz pre- 
ponderate early. 
Warming has shown that in Greenland, where flower insects are 
less abundant, the plants with rich vegetative reproduction are 
adapted to cross-pollination, while those lacking this power of multi- 
plication are self-pollinating. The former may hold their own, at 
least for a considerable time, if pollination fails, but in the latter fail- 
ure to pollinate must soon result in extinction. According to Mac- 
materials which serve for the production of nectar and attractive 
annuals, the latter containing most of the annuals. It is admitted 
that a reduction of capital results from a shortening of life, in which 
man is an important factor. The proletaires are found almost exclu- 
sively upon cultivated lands where as a rule it is impossible for the 
capitalists to endure. They offset the disadvantages arising from the 
continual disturbances of the soil by a great fertility. On lands which 
for some time are not disturbed by cultivation MacLeod observes that 
the proletaires are rapidly crowded out by the capitalists. The self- 
