382 The Botanical Gazette. [September, 
lution of new interests, and more and more exhibiting virility 
by its adaptability to the needs of the times. That botany 
has in it something that may be transmuted into money has 
only recently been discovered, but it is a discovery that is 
likely to work benefit not only to the practical man who 
makes application of scientific truths to commercial ends, but 
also reciprocally to the investigator who thinks only of un- 
covering a new fact or establishinganew law. To adequately 
meet the requirements of modern botany in the way of labor- 
atories, gardens, herbaria, libraries and apparatus, requires a 
capital that not long since would have been deemed fabulous. 
he money to meet this demand of a growing science must 
be expected to come in the main as the voluntary contribu- 
tion of an interested public, the reciprocal response to the 
attitude of botany toward the general welfare. 
I have mentioned the economic aspect of botany thus early, 
because it is one of the significant changes which has come 
over the science within the last decade or two, and to which 
vegetable physiology in some of its features is, I venture to 
say, about to add further important contributions. Science 
no longer shrinks into the shadow of the closet for fear of be- 
ing implored to lend a hand at securing revenue, but steps 
forth and curiously scrutinizes every process of the practical 
world, often finding there its most fruitful fields for funda- 
mental research. 
The problems of vegetable physiology possess to a greater 
or less degree a special element of interest not inherent in 
exercise a fascination over the human mind. Physiology, in 
fact, deals with what plants do, their methods of activity, 
their behavior; while the other divisions of botany treat of 
what plants are, or have been, their form, structure, and aye? 
lation of parts. The one is the study of the organic machine 
in ata and the other the contemplation of its component 
mbers, 
Movement in plants does not attain the rapidity exhibited 
by animals, me movements in both cases are ultra-visual, 
as the translocation of molecules in metabolism, the diffusion 
of gases, and in plants especially the flow of liquids. In plants 
even the movements of the organs are comparatively slow- 
While the leaves of the sensitive plant, telegraph plant, and 
