386 The Botanical Gazette. [September, 
contrasted the two methods of instruction. ‘The ancient 
method,” said he, ‘‘gives a wide range of acquaintance with 
external forms, a general knowledge of the plant kingdom 
and its affinities, a living interest in the surrounding flora; 
but it disregards the underlying morphology of minute struc- 
tures and chemical processes, the great principles which bring 
plant life into one organic whole. The modern method, on 
the contrary,” he continues, ‘‘takes a few types, carefully ex- 
amines their minutest structures and life work, and grounds 
well in general biological principles; but it loses the relation 
of things, as well as any knowledge of the display of the plant 
kingdom in its endless diversity, and, worse than all for the 
naturalist, cultivates no love for a flora at hand and inviting 
attention. The former is the method of the field, the latter 
of the laboratory.” 
But under both ancient and modern methods of instruc- 
Charles Darwin. The brilliant series of works upon the be- 
havior and relationship of plants by this author, beginning 
