194 DR. LINDSAY ON THE SPERMOGONES AND 
Ex. Lecidea flexuosa, no. 1. | Ez. Graphis anguina, no. 1. 
—— Ehrhartiana, no. 5 
abietina, nos. 11, 12. 
Griffithii, nos. 1,5, 7. | Stigmatidium crassum, no. 1. 
synothea, no. 2. | Verrucaria epidermidis, nos. 1,3. 
Arthonia cinereo-pruinosa, no. 1. 
ilicina, no. 1. 
biformis, no. 4. 
——- quernea, no. 2. | 
-—— dryina, no. 2. | Calicium trachelinum, no. 2. 
Opegrapha vulgata, nos. 5, 7. tigillare, no. 1. 
2. More than one form of Pyenide in the same species or individual. 
Ez. Lecidea abietina, no. 9. Ex. Arthonia Swartziana. 
Opegrapha atra, no. 2. Verrucaria Leightonii. 
varia, no. 7. 
3. Pyenides in addition to more than one form of spermogone in the same species. 
Ex. Stigmatidium crassum, no. 1. 
Plural forms of spermogone or pyenide in the same species or individual must not be 
confounded with plurality of the secondary reproductive organs in lichens, or in tribes or 
genera thereof. "That lichens possess both pyenides and spermogones was demonstrated by 
Tulasne in his admirable * Mémoire " (1852). But I have been enabled to add largely 
to the number of instances in which pyenides occur in lichens*, either in addition to, or 
(apparently) in place of, spermogones. My memoirs afford ample demonstration of the 
fact that species, which are usually spermogoniferous only, are occasionally also pyenidi- 
ferous; while, on the other hand, those which are generally pycnidiferous are sometimes 
spermogoniferous. Thus :— 
1. Pycnides occur in addition to spermogones, or spermogones in addition to pycnides, 
in :— 
Lecanora atra, no. 7. Stigmatidium crassum. 
ferruginea, no. 1. Verrucaria epidermidis, no. 4. 
cerina, no. 3. Taylori, no. 1. 
Lecidea abietina, no. 6. —— olivacea, no. 2. 
Griffithii, no. 7. gemmata, nos. 3, 7. 
biformis, no. 3. 
Graphis scripta, nos. 1, 3. glabrata, no. 2. - 
Arthonia astroidea, nos. 1, 4. Parmelia saxatilis, var. sulcata. (lst Mem. 
Opegrapha varia. p: 228, pl. xii. f. 20, 21.) 
Arthonia cinereo-pruinosa. sinuosa. (lst Mem. p. 216.) 
—— albo-atra, no. 1. 
impolita. 
* Thus, in addition to the instances given in the present Memoir, I found them in :— 
Abrothallus Smithii [‘ Monograph of Abrothallus,’ p. 23, pls. iv. f. 2, 5, 6, and v. f. 5, 6, 7]. nee 
with spermogones. 
Alectoria jubata. (1st Mem. p. 133, pl. iv. f. 18.) 
Lecanora umbrina. (Obs. New Zealand Lichens, p. 540, pl. lxii. f. 23, c, d, e.) 
Letidea cladoniaria. (1st Mem. pl. vii. f. 14-16.) 
